Multivariable State Feedback Control as a Foundation for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Charge and Capacity Balancing

Docimo, Donald J.; Fathy, Hosam K.

doi:10.1149/2.0151702jes

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[261][262][263][264][265][266][267] Consequently, they have been extensively used for the design, development, and control of LIBs. [268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275] The most popular continuum-level model for LIBs is that of Newman and co-workers. [262,267,[276][277][278][279] This model uses a pseudo-2D formalism and includes reactions at interfaces and transport in the electrolyte.…”

Section: Continuum Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes Capable of Operating over Wide Temperature Windows and Delivering High Safety

Lin

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

108

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self-discharge rates. [1-3] LIBs permeate nearly every aspect of human life. They are widely used in portable electronics (e.g., smartphones, smart-watches, and laptops), transportation (e.g., electric and hybrid vehicles), and biomedical applications (e.g., cardiac pacemakers and cochlear implants). In light of these achievements, J.B. Goodenough, M.S. Whittingham, and A. Yoshino won the 2019 Nobel prize in chemistry. [4] Despite the considerable success of conventional LIBs, their operational regime is typically around room temperature (RT). Operating at low (<0 °C) or high (>60 °C) temperatures usually deteriorate the performance and leads to safety risks. [5] We should also note that commercial LIBs are highly hazardous as they can ignite and explode in case of an accident, overheating, and overcharging, requiring more stringent safety standards, e.g., wide temperature operability and nonflammability. For example, electric vehicles require battery systems that can deliver a stable performance while maintaining a high energy density even in extreme climates, such as cold mountainous areas, where the temperatures can be as low as −40 °C, and hot deserts, where equipment exposed to sunlight can reach temperatures exceeding 70 °C. [6] Moreover, task-specific applications call for reliable energy storage solutions at extreme temperatures, including subsurface exploration (such as for mineral, oil, and gas), aerospace engineering, safety and rescue, and sterilizable medical devices. [2] Conventional LIBs are composed of a positive electrode or cathode (e.g., LiFePO 4 (LFP), LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 (x + y + z = 1, NMC) and LiCoO 2 (LCO)), an electrolyte (including solvents, Li salts, and additives), a separator (typically a polyolefin membrane), and a negative electrode or anode (e.g., graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO)). Generally, the electrode materials are nonflammable and thermal stable (>300 °C). While the polyolefin membrane will melt/shrink over 120 °C, the commercial separators composited with ceramic nanoparticle (e.g., SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3) have been developed to reduce thermal shrinkage when exposed to overheating. [7,8] Therefore, the major challenge of commercial LIBs at extreme operating temperatures comes to the electrolyte. Carbonates are commonly used as solvents for conventional LIB electrolytes. However, these compounds are Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are the energy storage systems of choice for portable electronics and electric vehicles. Due to the growing deployment of energy storage solutions, LIBs are increasingly required to function safely and steadily over a broad range of operational conditions. However, the conventional electrolytes used in LIBs will malfunction when the temperatures fall below zero or elevate above 60 °C. Further, conventional electrolytes are toxic and flammable, leading to severe safety risks, especially in the case of an accident or overheating. Therefore, an ever-growing body of research has been dedicated to the development of electrolytes characterized by high ionic conduct...

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Section: Continuum Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 261–267 ] Consequently, they have been extensively used for the design, development, and control of LIBs. [ 268–275 ]…”

Section: Computational For the Design And Mechanistic Understanding Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes Capable of Operating over Wide Temperature Windows and Delivering High Safety

Lin

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The accuracy and real‐time performance of battery SOC estimation is no longer a problem, which is beneficial to the implementation of this balancing method. The capacity‐based balancing method is to maximize the capacity of the battery pack and separately control the capacity of the battery cells below the average capacity and the battery cells above the average capacity . The capacity‐based balancing method can reduce the balancing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity-based balancing method is to maximize the capacity of the battery pack and separately control the capacity of the battery cells below the average capacity and the battery cells above the average capacity. 30,31 The capacity-based balancing method can reduce the balancing time. However, how to accurately quantify the battery capacity is a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active cell balancing of lithium‐ion battery pack based on average state of charge

Zhang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Differences in the environment and parameters of lithium‐ion battery (LiB) cells may lead the residual capacity between the battery cells to be inconsistent, and the battery cells may be damaged due to overcharging or overdischarging. In this study, an active balancing method for charging and discharging of LiB pack based on average state of charge (SOC) is proposed. Two different active balancing strategies are developed according to the different charging and discharging states of LiB pack. When the LiB pack is charging, charging balance strategy is performed, wherein the battery cells whose SOC is higher than the average SOC of the LiB pack are balanced to increase the charging capacity of the entire LiB pack. When the LiB pack is discharging or static standing, discharging balance strategy is performed, wherein the batter cells whose SOC is lower than the average SOC of the LiB pack are balanced to increase the discharging capacity of the entire LiB pack. The experimental results show that the proposed active balancing method can reduce the inconsistency of residual energy between the battery cells and improve the charging and discharging capacity of the LiB pack.

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“…[34]. It makes the interference information exist in the original parameter sequence [35], according to which it is difficult to obtain the general time domain spectrum and realize the effective extraction of the feature information and the accurate coupling relationship of the external measurable parameters [36]. Because of the complexity and combined structure constraints [37], the detected parameter signals are ambiguous [38] along with the environmental condition influence [39] such as temperature and humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel power state evaluation method for the lithium battery packs based on the improved external measurable parameter coupling model

Wang

Stroe

Fernandez

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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The power state evaluation plays a decisive influence on the safety implication of the lithium battery packs, and there is no effective online evaluation method so far due to the imbalance phenomenon among the internal connected battery cells, which cannot be abstained by the advancement of the materials and techniques. A novel power state description method is proposed in this paper by investigating the improved external parameter coupling treatment, in which the mutual relationship description is conducted by the parameter information feature decomposition together with the Bayesian sequential decision algorithm. The complicated power state evaluation model constructing problem of the coupling relationship decomposition is solved by investigating the non-convex optimization under complex working conditions for the lithium battery packs. The evidence combination is realized by introducing the information fusion strategy, according to which the multi criteria decision is realized by using the evidence theory. As can be seen from the experimental results, the voltage difference is within 10 mV in both of the first phase and the second phase, which increases rapidly in the third phase and reaches a maximum of 120mV. Meanwhile, its power state evaluation accuracy is 95.00% and has a good output voltage tracking effect in the complex working conditions. The power state evaluation problem can be solved by the proposed model constructing method, which is suitable for the complex battery cell combination structures and environment influences, realizing the reliable and hierarchical power state evaluation of the lithium battery packs. It provides a safety reference value and the energy management basis for the reliable power supply in the cleaner production of the power lithium battery packs.

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Multivariable State Feedback Control as a Foundation for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Charge and Capacity Balancing

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes Capable of Operating over Wide Temperature Windows and Delivering High Safety

Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes Capable of Operating over Wide Temperature Windows and Delivering High Safety

Active cell balancing of lithium‐ion battery pack based on average state of charge

A novel power state evaluation method for the lithium battery packs based on the improved external measurable parameter coupling model

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