Multivariate chemometrics for the forensic discrimination of blue ball-point pen inks based on their Vis spectra

Forensic discrimination of blue ballpoint pen inks based on thin layer chromatography and image analysis

“…Number of pairs ¼ nðn À 1Þ 2 (4) In this method, the DP was achieved 92.8%, which confirm that the proposed method is able to differentiate a significant number of pen-pair samples.…”

“…The vehicle, whose composition affects the flowing and drying characteristics of the ink, can consist of oils, solvents and resins. Other substances used for finely tuning the characteristics including driers, plasticizers, waxes, greases, soaps and detergents [4].…”

Classification and individualisation of black ballpoint pen inks using principal component analysis of UV–vis absorption spectra

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) was one of the methods implemented by Thanasoulias et al [8] in their interpretation of visible spectrophotometry data from a range of blue ballpoint pen inks. This method was found to discriminate successfully between the five different brands of pen examined.…”

Near infrared hyperspectral imaging for forensic analysis of document forgery

“…Finally for the crossing line forgery (type c)), the presence of a gap at the toner distribution map was used as a criterion to know if the ink line was 8 | J. Name., 2012, 00, [1][2][3] This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 made before printing toner. This was successfully identified in 85% of the samples (17 out of 20).…”

“…Often, frauds occur by misuse of blank documents by persons who are trusted by the signer or by adulteration of an official document. Most of the reports involving document analysis to detect frauds employ destructive methodologies [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The use of non-destructive analytical methods in cases where the authenticity of documents is questioned is essential in litigation processes where the evidence must be preserved [7].…”