Multivariate image analysis: A review with applications

Weighted fuzzy clustering for (fuzzy) constraints in multivariate image analysis–alternating least square of hyperspectral images

“…This means that the original data cube has to be unfolded into a data matrix, from the original spatial-spectral dimensions to a two-way data matrix. 2,13 The decomposition problem described in Equation (1), in which we search for C and S T , is an inverse problem, and thus no unique solutions can be found. Many possible solutions have the same quality of fit, 14 leading to an uncertainty in the solutions which we refer to as ambiguity.…”

“…To investigate the spatial distribution of individual components present in a complex sample, one usually falls back on using spectral or hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques, and analysing the data with multivariate image analysis (MIA) 1,2 or multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). 3,4 A key factor in the correct resolution of a mixture by using MCR-ALS is the application of constraints, which limit the number of possible solutions to the problem.…”

Two-stage least squares and indirect least squares algorithms for simultaneous equations models

“…PCA [51] or PLS [52]. Details about the various ways of accomplishing this unfolding step iv are provided in [37].…”

APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE IMAGE ANALYSIS IN QSPR STUDY OF pKa OF VARIOUS ACIDS BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS-LEAST SQUARES SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

“…The support vector machine (SVM) is a popular algorithm developed from the machine learning community. Due to its advantages and remarkable generalization performance over other methods, SVM has attracted attention and gained extensive applications 6) . Also, for simplification of traditional of SVM, Suykens and Vandewalle 7) have proposed the use of least-squares SVM (LS-SVM).…”

“…Nowadays, image analysis is becoming more important because of its ability to perform fast and non-invasive low-cost analysis on different processes in chemistry. Image analysis is a wide denomination that encloses classical studies on gray scale or (red-green-blue) RGB images 12) . Esbensen and Geladi 13) have demonstrated that image analysis may provide useful information in chemistry, through the descriptors do not have a direct physicochemical meaning, since they are binaries and also, Goudarzi and Goodarzi 14) have studied the prediction of the acidic dissociation constant of some organic compounds using linear and nonlinear QSPR methods.…”