Multivariate Regression Reconstruction and Its Sampling Error for the Quasi-Global Annual Precipitation from 1900 to 2011

Shen, Samuel S. P.; Tafolla, Nancy; Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Phillip A.

doi:10.1175/jas-d-13-0301.1

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Overall, the results of the sea salt burden EOF analysis showing a bipolar feature in the tropical Pacific hint that there may be a relationship between sea salt aerosol burden (and related cloud and radiative properties) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), since ENSO is the dominant mode of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific climate system. Moreover, the spatial pattern of the leading mode EOF of sea salt burden resembles the effects of ENSO on precipitation, which has a similar location and shape, including a weak response in the western Indian Ocean that is opposite in sign to the response over Indonesia [e.g., Shen et al, 2014]. Figure 5 (black lines) shows the power spectra of the principal components associated with the leading EOFs of yearly sea salt burden, 10 m wind speed, column-integrated cloud droplet number, and shortwave cloud radiative forcing anomalies.…”

Section: Interannual Variability Of Sea Salt Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0

Pierce

Russell

et al. 2015

JGR Atmospheres

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This study examines multiyear climate variability associated with sea salt aerosols and their contribution to the variability of shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF) using a 150 year simulation for preindustrial conditions of the Community Earth System Model version 1.0. The results suggest that changes in sea salt and related cloud and radiative properties on interannual timescales are dominated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycle. Sea salt variability on longer (interdecadal) timescales is associated with low-frequency variability in the Pacific Ocean similar to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation but does not show a statistically significant spectral peak. A multivariate regression suggests that sea salt aerosol variability may contribute to SWCF variability in the tropical Pacific, explaining up to 20-30% of the variance in that region. Elsewhere, there is only a small sea salt aerosol influence on SWCF through modifying cloud droplet number and liquid water path that contributes to the change of cloud effective radius and cloud optical depth (and hence cloud albedo), producing a multiyear aerosol-cloud-wind interaction.

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Section: Interannual Variability Of Sea Salt Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0

Pierce

Russell

et al. 2015

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The first column is for the TO13 case, the second for the southeastern Pacific (SEP) and the last for the northern coast of the small island of Graciosa (GRW), Azores, in the eastern North Atlantic. Values for SEP and GRW are climatological data from Ghate et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar observations were taken during the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) (Albrecht et al, 1988;de Roode and Wang, 2007) and VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS) (Mechoso et al, 2014) field campaigns. A survey conducted by Ghate et al (2015, see table 2 therein) indicated that this type of STBL was observed in various regions of the world. Among the three main sources of turbulence in the STBL (radiative cooling, surface heating and wind shear) in Flight TO13 from the POST field campaign, surface heat fluxes were weak (compared with the climatological data from Ghate et al, 2015, see Table 1 in this study) while the wind shear was strong and cloud-top cooling was remarkable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survey conducted by Ghate et al (2015, see table 2 therein) indicated that this type of STBL was observed in various regions of the world. Among the three main sources of turbulence in the STBL (radiative cooling, surface heating and wind shear) in Flight TO13 from the POST field campaign, surface heat fluxes were weak (compared with the climatological data from Ghate et al, 2015, see Table 1 in this study) while the wind shear was strong and cloud-top cooling was remarkable. In such situations, cloud-top radiative cooling and shear at the inversion are more important in driving boundary-layer dynamics than in the other cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of wind shear and radiative cooling on the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer

Kopec

Malinowski

Piotrowski

2016

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The effects of wind shear and radiative cooling on the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer (STBL) were investigated via a set of large‐eddy simulations. The set‐up of the numerical experiments was based on Flight TO13 from the Physics of Stratocumulus Top (POST) field campaign, in which sensible and latent heat fluxes at the surface were small and thermodynamic conditions prevented cloud‐top entrainment instability. The results demonstrate that the presence of radiative cooling invigorated convective circulations across the STBL and sharpened the inversion above the cloud, while wind shear at the top of the STBL was a source of turbulence in the capping inversion and caused dilution of the cloud top. The flux and gradient Richardson numbers in the capping inversion and in the topmost layer of the cloud were nearly critical. Analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget and its transport indicated that turbulence in the inversion capping the cloud was produced locally by wind shear and was dynamically decoupled from the turbulence driven by convective circulations across the STBL. Similar conclusions were derived for the topmost part of the cloud.

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“…A fast algorithm for eigenvalue calculation using a transposed matrix can be referenced [Shen et al, 2014].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A variance‐based decomposition and global sensitivity index method for uncertainty quantification: Application to retrieved ice cloud properties

et al. 2015

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This study develops a novel uncertainty quantification (UQ) method for cloud microphysical property retrievals using variance‐based decomposition and global sensitivity index. In this UQ framework, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) ground‐based observations, which are the inputs for the cloud retrieval studied here. The principal components (PCs) in the EOF expansion are parameterized as random input variables, and hence, the input dimension is greatly reduced (up to a factor of 50), allowing large ensemble of random samplings. The EOF expansion improves the accuracy of the uncertainty estimation by taking into account the cross correlations in the input data profiles. This method enables a probabilistic representation of a retrieval process by adding normally distributed perturbations into PCs of sample means of input data profiles within a time window. Therefore, it effectively facilitates objective validation of climate models against cloud retrievals under a probabilistic framework for rigorous statistical inferences. Moreover, the variance‐based global sensitivity index analysis, part of this method, attributes the output uncertainties to each individual source, thus providing directions for improving retrieval algorithms and observation strategies. For demonstration, we apply this method to quantify the uncertainties of the ARM program's baseline cloud retrieval algorithm for an ice cloud case observed at the Southern Great Plains site on 9 March 2000.

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Multivariate Regression Reconstruction and Its Sampling Error for the Quasi-Global Annual Precipitation from 1900 to 2011

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0

Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0

Effects of wind shear and radiative cooling on the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer

A variance‐based decomposition and global sensitivity index method for uncertainty quantification: Application to retrieved ice cloud properties

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