Multivariate Statistics Made Simple

Sarma, Karthik V.; Vardhan, R. Vishnu

doi:10.1201/9780429465185

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The study was based on determining the influence of the 3 independent variables (gender, area and age stages) and the interaction between them on the dependent variables represented by the answers to the questionnaire items. In this sense, the following were performed: multivariate/MANOVA analysis, identifying the effect/influence of each independent variable and their associations on each factor of the questionnaire, a univariate analysis to determine F and its significance thresholds at each level of the item separately, a size effect calculation materialized in partial eta squared values (η2p), a comparison of the averages of the scores expressed for each item at the level of each independent variable and the Bonferroni correction factor to determine the significance of the differences between the averages [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The confidence interval was set at 95% ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

Mocanu¹,

Murariu²,

Munteanu³

2021

IJERPH

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The study investigates the influences of gender, area of origin and age stage variables and also of the interaction between them, on the free time behavior of the students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports from Galati. The questionnaire applied in the academic year 2019–2020 had 85 items and was structured on 4 factors: leisure budget, leisure limiting factors, preferred leisure activities, and leisure sports activities. The multivariate/MANOVA analysis showed statistically significant data for some of the analyzed items, with values of F associated with thresholds p < 0.05. The results support longer screen time for urban areas and for those <25 years and time limitation for the favorite activities of students >25 years, while reading had higher stress scores for men and students <25 years. Men tended to limit their free time working overtime and women limited their free time due to housework. Students from rural areas and men >25 years were more stressed by socializing on the internet and shopping. Financial limitations for preferred activities were higher for women and students <25 years—women read more and visited their friends more often while men had higher scores in relation to involvement in physical activities throughout the week, an aspect also reported for those <25 years. Students >25 years spent more time with their family, while those <25 years socialized more on the internet and had better scores when going out with friends. Those in urban areas did more jogging, men had better scores in relation to playing sports games, higher indicators for the satisfaction generated by sports activity, and women preferred jogging and cycling/rollerblading. Sports games and different types of fitness were the most common variants practiced at the level of the studied group. Conclusion: There was no dominant orientation of the investigated group towards forms of passive leisure and there were no cases of sedentariness, even if the use of technologies (video games, socializing on the Internet and TV) were forms of leisure often used by students.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

Mocanu¹,

Murariu²,

Munteanu³

2021

IJERPH

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“…The processing and the statistical analysis of the obtained data were performed using SPSS version 24 software. Indicators regarding the measurement fidelity/the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha in raw and standardized form) of each factor, the heterogeneity and variety of answers (Hotelling's T-squared test) and MANOVA (F) multivariate analysis with the identification of the influence of independent variables (sex and area of origin) on dependent variables (responses to the items in the questionnaire) were calculated [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The confidence interval was set at 95% (p < 0.05).…”

Section: The Statistical Analysis Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Attitudes of First-Year Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galati towards Online Teaching Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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The paper identifies the perceptions of first-year undergraduate students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati on online teaching activities, dominant and needful in the current pandemic context. The questionnaire used contains 23 items and was structured based on four distinctive factors, namely attractiveness, accessibility, motivation and efficiency; it was applied after the winter session of the academic year 2020–2021. The values of the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach’s alpha indicate for the four mentioned factors a high fidelity for the measurements of the investigated features. The results of the 147 completed questionnaires allowed the definition of the independent variables sex (boys and girls) and environment of origin (rural and urban) the identification of their influence on the scores of each item (dependent variables) by using the statistical technique MANOVA (multivariate and univariate analysis), besides the values of F and the corresponding significance thresholds; the magnitude of the effect, expressed by partial eta squared (Ƞ2p), was also calculated. Even if the averages of item scores differ between sexes and backgrounds, the differences noted are in few cases significant: attractiveness and socialization for those in urban areas; participation in activities and effective involvement for girls; technical deficiencies, platform logging and weak computer skills for those in rural areas; and an increase in free time for girls and students in urban areas. The study undertaken allows the identification of the favorable aspects and the shortcomings of online teaching activities, these being the premises for optimizing the teaching process in the following stages.

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“…The influence of the independent variable age stage (with 3 steps) on the obtained results was based on the multivariate analysis/MANOVA (F)-multivariate and univariate tests, the calculation of the size effect, expressed by partial eta squared (η 2 p ). In addition the Bonferroni factor of correction was used to determine the differences between the means of the analyzed dependent variables [39][40][41][42]. The low number of subjects in each age group and the fact that the normal distribution curve of the data is not respected, imposed the statistical calculation based on the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, both in determining the differences between the values (pairs) of the dominant/right foot and non-dominant/left foot, as well as when comparing the values (pairs) between the forefoot and rearfoot areas for each leg [38,43].…”

Section: The Statistical Analysis Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Influence of Age Stages on Static Plantar Pressure Indicators for Karate Do Practitioners (Preliminary Report)

et al. 2021

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The investigation aims at static examination and determination of differences for three age groups: under 13, 13–15 years old and over 15, all practitioners of the martial art karate do. This investigation occured at the level of the main parameters, measured using the FreeMed baropodometric platform and Free Step software by Sensor Medica: plantar surface areas, location of the pressure center (C) inside the support polygon, imbalances noticed at the level of the plantar areas, Pmax value, weight distribution on each foot and at the level of the rearfoot and forefoot areas, misalignments of the pressure centers of each foot, etc. Results: subjects under the age of 13 had the highest number of cases related to the off-centered positioning of the pressure center (C); the groups of those under 13 and over 15 years old located in most cases Pmax at the level of the left retropodal part, and those between 13–15 years old have a location on the dominant leg, at the level of the right retropodal part. The highest numbers of cases of normal bilateral leg are for the group under 13 years, and the other groups have a higher incidence of various plantar imbalances. The analysis of variance (F) identified only two situations in which the independent variable, “age stages,” significantly influences the resulting parameters, at the level of the non-dominant foot: forefoot_left_surface and total_left_surface. The data differences for the right/left pairs within each batch generate insignificant values of |Z| for most cases, with the superiority of the dominant foot parameters for the first two age groups, but in the case of the group over 15 years old, some results are atypical, with higher average values of left/non-dominant foot parameters in the following cases: total_left_Pmax, total_left_Pavg, rearfoot_left_load_percent, rearfoot_left_weight_ratio_percent. The comparison between the data pairs for all three batches (between the forefoot and rearfoot plantar areas) generated significant values of |Z| only for the area of the plantar surfaces. The older the subjects, the more obvious the plantar load on the forefoot area, which is similar to the results of some martial arts studies analyzed here, and is determined by the long use of the non-dominant foot as a support base, during kicks with the dominant one.

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Multivariate Statistics Made Simple

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

Investigating the Attitudes of First-Year Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galati towards Online Teaching Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Analysis of the Influence of Age Stages on Static Plantar Pressure Indicators for Karate Do Practitioners (Preliminary Report)

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