Multiwall-carbon-nanotube/cellulose composite fibers with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties by cellulose grafting

Zhang, Shaobo; Zhang, Feiran; Pan, Yanfei; Jin, Liping; Liu, Bo; Mao, Yi; Huang, Jintian

doi:10.1039/c7ra11304h

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More specifically, it is understood that the anions bind the hydroxyl groups of the anhydroglucose unit, breaking the hydrogen bonds and allowing the separation of the chains, leading to the dissolution of cellulose [ 9 ]. Ionic liquids that contain non-coordinating anions, e.g., [BF 4 ] − and [PF 6 ] − , are non-solvents for cellulose [ 9 , 14 ]. EMIM-Cl was chosen in this work for its effectiveness in dissolving cellulose [ 5 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of applications for cellulose composites have been proposed, such as supercapacitors [ 11 ], electrode material for Li-batteries [ 12 ] and multifunctional materials [ 13 ]. Cellulose-based composites with carbon nanotubes [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], reduced graphene oxide [ 17 ], conducting polymers [ 18 ] and others have come in focus for environmentally sustainable solutions, providing opportunities to form materials with usable electrical conductivity and switchable electrical and optical properties due to the wide range of morphological forms of cellulose [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose-Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fiber Actuator Behavior in Aqueous and Organic Electrolyte

2020

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As both consumers and producers are shifting from fossil-derived materials to other, more sustainable approaches, there is a growing interest in bio-origin and biodegradable polymers. In search of bio-degradable electro-mechanically active materials, cellulose-multi wall carbon nanotube (Cell-CNT) composites are a focus for the development of actuators and sensors. In the current study, our aim was to fabricate Cell-CNT composite fibers and study their electro-mechanical response as linear actuators in aqueous and propylene carbonate-based electrolyte solutions. While the response was (expectedly) strongly solvent dependent, the different solvents also revealed unexpected phenomena. Cell-CNT fibers in propylene carbonate revealed a strong back-relaxation process at low frequencies, and also a frequency dependent response direction change (change of actuation direction). Cell-CNT fibers operated in aqueous electrolyte showed response typical to electrochemical capacitors including expansion at discharging with controllable actuation dependence on charge density. While the response was similarly stable in both electrolyte solution systems, the aqueous electrolytes were clearly favorable for Cell-CNT with 3.4 times higher conductivities, 4.3 times higher charge densities and 11 times higher strain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose-Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fiber Actuator Behavior in Aqueous and Organic Electrolyte

2020

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“…The deconvolution of the C 1s peak resulted in four peaks at 283.5-284.1 eV (C-C and C-H), 284.9 eV (C-OH), and 287.5 eV (C=O). In addition, a weak peak at 280.3 eV is attributed to the Ru (+2) (Figure 7a) [39]. Investigating the positions of the deconvoluted C 1s peaks confirmed the presence of C-OH and C=O groups in the G-CLRu(II) structure.…”

Section: Characterization Of G-clru(ii)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, the N 1s peak was deconvoluted into two intense peaks at 397.7 (-CONH) and 398.1 eV (C=O and C=S attached N-H) [41,42]. The Cl 2p peak fitting resulted in three obvious peaks at 196.3 (HCl), 197.3 (Cl-Ru-Cl) and 198.3 eV (Figure 7d) [39]. The S 2p peak at 164.2 eV may be due to the photoemission from the C=S group [41].The new peaks in the Ru 2p region at 461.5 eV (Ru 3p3/2) and 484.5 eV (Ru 3p5/2) were observed for G-CLRu(II) [43].…”

Section: Characterization Of G-clru(ii)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The results indicate that the G-COOH has a -COOH group attached to the surface of graphene oxide. The G-COCl showed a Cl peak at 199.6 eV, which indicates the conversion of acid (-COOH) to acid chloride (-COCl) ( Figure S4 in Supplementary Materials) [39]. The XPS spectrum of G-COCl after treatment with KSCN showed two new peaks at around 162.6 eV (S 2p) and 397.8 eV (N 1s), while the peak corresponding to Cl 2p (199.6 eV) completely disappeared (Figure 6d).…”

Section: Characterization Of G-clru(ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stepwise Construction of Ru(II)Center Containing Chiral Thiourea Ligand on Graphene Oxide: First Efficient, Reusable, and Stable Catalyst for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones

2020

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Heterogenization of homogenous catalysts on solid support has attracted tremendous attention in organic synthesis due to the key benefits of heterogenized catalysts such as easy recovery and reusability. Although a considerable number of heterogenized catalysts are available, to the best of our knowledge, there is no efficient and reusable heterogenized catalyst reported for asymmetric reactions to date. Herein, we prepared a [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]/chiralthiourea ligand covalently bonded to graphene nanosheets (G-CLRu(II), where G represents graphene oxide (GO), CL denotes chiral N-((1-phenylethyl)carbamothioyl)acetamide and Ru(II) symbolizes [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]), for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Five simple steps were involved in the preparation of the G-CLRu(II) catalyst. The structure of G-CLRu(II) was investigated by means of various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Coordination mode and covalent bonding involved in the G-CLRu(II) structure we reconfirmed. G-CLRu(II) demonstrated good catalytic performance towards the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones (conversion of up to 95%, enantiomeric excesses (ee) of up to 99%, and turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values of 535.9 and 22.3 h−1, respectively). A possible mechanism is proposed for the G-CLRu(II)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Recovery (~95%), reusability (fifth cycle, yield of 89% and ee of 81%), and stability of G-CLRu(II) were found to be good. We believe that the present stepwise preparation of G-CLRu(II) opens a new door for designing various metal-centered heterogenized chiral catalysts for asymmetric synthesis.

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Flexible, Strong, Anisotropic Wood‐Derived Conductive Circuit

Sun

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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its flexibility, low cost, and simple process technology. [2] However, the continuous generation and accumulation of plastic waste has severely damaged the environment and human health.Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer, extracted from bioresources and degraded under natural conditions. [3] Furthermore, cellulose exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, low thermal expansion coefficient, and chemically accessible for the modification. [4] Given these properties, the cellulose film holds great potential to construct substrate materials for flexible electronics. [5] Traditionally, the cellulose film is produced by a complex process, which mainly includes three steps: 1) removing lignin and hemicellulose from wood flour or other biomass powder; 2) releasing cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose nanocrystal through the mechanical nanofibrillation and chemical treatment such as high-pressure homogenizers, high-intensity ultrasonicator, [6] grinders, [7] acid hydrolysis, [8] and TEMPO-mediated oxidation; [9] 3) reconstructing cellulose film by different manufacturing approaches. [10] This bottom-up method is low efficient and high energy consumption, and simultaneously requires to use specific equipment and complicated process, which is an obstacle to large-scale application.Generally, the cellulose-based conductive composites composed of cellulose substrate and conductive filler are fabricated by blending, which leads to a randomly oriented structure. Moreover, the cellulose-based film exhibits poor electrical conductivity at a low content of conductive fillers. [11] To improve its electrical conductivity, the high volume of the conductive fillers is mixed into the cellulose substrate, which causes high cost and filler aggregation, even destroys the structure of composites, and then affects the mechanical strength. By designing an anisotropic and ordered structure, the high conductivity of composites with a low content of conductive fillers can be achieved. It is worth noting that some technology has been used to design, synthesis, and construct anisotropic structure such as ice-template, [12] mechanical stretch, [13] and magnetic field method. [14] Despite the tremendous efforts have been devoted, challenges still remain in achieving the scalable application, simple manufacturing process, and low energy consumption.Natural wood consists of a large amount of cellulose. The highly aligned microchannels of trees transport water and Flexible electronics have attracted tremendous attention because of the potential applications in flexible sensors and wearable electronics. Herein, a wood-derived conductive circuit is prepared through a simple top-down wood nanotechnology. Wood scaffolds with layered structure and aligned micro-nano channels are used as the flexible substrate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used as the conductive materials. Driven by the hydroxyl groups-induced hygroscopicity of wood scaffold, the MWCNTs are uniformly embedded into the wood scaffold. The conductive circuit exh...

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Multiwall-carbon-nanotube/cellulose composite fibers with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties by cellulose grafting

Abstract: MWCNT-cellulose/cellulose composite fibers with enhanced mechanical and conducting properties were preparedviafacilitating the dispersion of MWCNTs in fibers.

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Cellulose-Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fiber Actuator Behavior in Aqueous and Organic Electrolyte

Cellulose-Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fiber Actuator Behavior in Aqueous and Organic Electrolyte

Stepwise Construction of Ru(II)Center Containing Chiral Thiourea Ligand on Graphene Oxide: First Efficient, Reusable, and Stable Catalyst for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones

Flexible, Strong, Anisotropic Wood‐Derived Conductive Circuit

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