Muscle-dependent and hormone-dependent differentiation of the vocal control premotor nucleus robustus archistriatalis and the motornucleus hypoglossus pars tracheosyringealis of the zebra finch

Lohmann, Ragna; Gahr, Manfred

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(20000205)42:2<220::aid-neu6>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although jungle crows are categorized as oscines, our results suggest that the syringeal muscles of jungle crows are controlled by the bilateral nXII. In addition, our results show that each NXII in the jungle crow innervates the syringeal muscles bilaterally, which differs from some previous reports of oscines (Nottebohm, 1970(Nottebohm, , 1971Lemon, 1973;Nottebohm & Nottebohm, 1976;Seller, 1979;Wild, 1997;Suthers et al 1999Suthers et al , 2004Lohmann & Gahr, 2004).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the chaffinch ( Fringilla coelebs ), the right and left syringeal halves are innervated by the right and left NXII, respectively (Nottebohm, 1970, 1971; Nottebohm & Nottebohm, 1976). Similar observations have been reported in the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ) (Lohmann & Gahr, 2004), white‐throated sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis ) (Lemon, 1973; Nottebohm & Nottebohm, 1976), canary ( Serinus canaries ) (Suthers et al. 2004) and java sparrow ( Padda oryzivora ) (Seller, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Bilateral innervation of syringeal muscles by the hypoglossal nucleus in the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)

et al. 2009

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Bird vocalizations are produced by contractions of syringeal muscles, which are controlled by the hypoglossal nucleus. In oscines, syringeal muscles are controlled by the hypoglossal nucleus ipsilaterally, whereas syringeal innervation is bilateral in non-oscines. We have determined the course of hypoglossal nerves in the jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos . Our results indicate a cross-over of the hypoglossal nerve from the left side to the right side on the trachea 7 mm rostral to the Musculus sternotrachealis . We also investigated the innervation of the syringeal muscles of jungle crows from the hypoglossal nucleus using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. After HRP was injected into the syringeal muscles on each side, HRP-labeled cells were found bilaterally in the hypoglossal nerve. These results suggest that the syringeal muscles of jungle crows are innervated bilaterally from the hypoglossal nucleus, although these birds are categorized as oscines.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Bilateral innervation of syringeal muscles by the hypoglossal nucleus in the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)

et al. 2009

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“…Increased spontaneous firing rates may be the result of altered cellular properties, changing connectivity within this nucleus, and changing input from HVC and LMAN. Testosterone also affects the peripheral structures for song production (Luine et al, 1980; Bleisch et al, 1984; Lohmann and Gahr, 2000). In birds, the best documented effect is a proliferation of syringeal musculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal acceleration of song development illuminates motor control mechanism in canaries

Alliende

Méndez

Goller

et al. 2010

Developmental Neurobiology

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In songbirds, the ontogeny of singing behavior shows strong parallels with human speech learning. As in humans, development of learned vocal behavior requires exposure to an acoustic model of species-typical vocalizations and, subsequently, a sensori-motor practice period after which the vocalization is produced in a stereotyped manner. This requires mastering motor instructions driving the vocal organ and the respiratory system. Recently, it was shown that in the case of canaries (Serinus canaria), the diverse syllables constituting the song are generated with air sac pressure patterns with characteristic shapes, remarkably, those belonging to a very specific mathematical family. Here we treated juvenile canaries with testosterone at the onset of the sensori-motor practice period. This hormone exposure accelerated the development of song into stereotyped adult-like song. After 20 days of testosterone treatment, subsyringeal air sac pressure patterns of song resembled those produced by adults, while those of untreated control birds of the same age did not. Detailed temporal structure and modulation patterns emerged rapidly with testosterone treatment and all previously identified categories of adult song were observed. This research shows that the known effect of testosterone on the neural circuits gives rise to the stereotyped categories of respiratory motor gestures. Extensive practice of these motor patterns during the sensori-motor phase is not required for their expression.

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“…AR have previously been reported in cranial motor nuclei, including the nV, nVII, nIX, nX, and nXII, in adults of several vertebrate species, e.g., gekkos (Tang et al, 2001), frogs (Perez et al, 1996), and rats (Yu and McGinnis, 2001). In birds, however, the only one of these cranial motor nuclei known to be androgen‐sensitive is the songbird nXIIts (Gahr and Wild, 1997), which is a part of the vocal control circuit (Reinke and Wild, 1998) and is sexually dimorphic in adults (Gurney, 1981; Lohmann and Gahr, 2000). In the zebra finch, AR expression starts by the time of hatching (Gahr and Metzdorf, 1997), although the sexually dimorphic singing behavior does not start to develop until much later.…”

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confidence: 99%

Androgen receptors in the embryonic zebra finch hindbrain suggest a function for maternal androgens in perihatching survival

Godsave

Lohmann

Vloet

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Bird embryos are exposed to maternal androgens deposited in the egg, but the role of these hormones in embryonic development and hatchling survival is unclear. To identify possible target organs, we used in situ hybridization to study the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) RNA in the developing zebra finch brain. The first brain expression domain of AR mRNA is in the hindbrain. From embryonic day 7 (E7) onward, when the hypoglossal motor nucleus (nXII) has just formed, there was AR mRNA expression in both its lingual (nXIIl) and its tracheosyringeal (nXIIts) parts, and this was the major site of hindbrain expression at all embryonic stages and in both sexes. From E8 onward, we also found AR mRNA in the supraspinal motor nucleus (nSSp), which innervates neck muscles. Furthermore, the syrinx, the target of the nXIIts, contained AR mRNA by E10, localized principally in the perichondria. Muscle was first evident in the syringeal region at E9, but no AR was detected in syringeal muscles until after hatching. The expression pattern of AR in the zebra finch embryo suggests that maternal androgens act via AR in the brainstem and syrinx to influence hatching as well as acoustic and visual components of food-begging behavior. Maternal androgens seem unlikely to function in the development of sexual dimorphisms in the zebra finch nXIIts and syrinx, insofar as these are not evident until between 10 and 20 days posthatching.

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Muscle-dependent and hormone-dependent differentiation of the vocal control premotor nucleus robustus archistriatalis and the motornucleus hypoglossus pars tracheosyringealis of the zebra finch

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Bilateral innervation of syringeal muscles by the hypoglossal nucleus in the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)

Bilateral innervation of syringeal muscles by the hypoglossal nucleus in the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)

Hormonal acceleration of song development illuminates motor control mechanism in canaries

Androgen receptors in the embryonic zebra finch hindbrain suggest a function for maternal androgens in perihatching survival

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