Muscle fibers and their synapses differentially adapt to aging and endurance training

Deschenes, Michael R.; Li, Shuhan; Adan, Matthew A.; Oh, Jane J.; Ramsey, Hailey C.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.010

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The differences between the experimental groups with respect to the sedentary group are marked with the letter a, and differences between ages were determined by comparing each age with its predecessor and are denoted as b. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity or moderate-intensity training, aerobic, resistance, and muscle relaxation techniques. These exercise routines have shown their beneficial effects in 3-to 12-month programs, in both humans and rodents [39][40][41][42][43]; however, there are no studies for long term exercise routines. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of practicing a low-intensity exercise routine for a long time (LIERLT), which was performed by female Wistar rats during 30 minutes, 5 days a week for 20 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF‐11

Mena-Montes

Hernández-Álvarez

Pedraza-Vázquez

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is known as sarcopenia; it is characterized as a progressive and generalized muscle disorder associated with aging. This deterioration can seriously compromise the elderly’s health and reduce their quality of life. In addition to age, there are other factors that induce muscle mass loss, among which are sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases, inflammation, and obesity. In recent years, a new clinical condition has been observed in older adults that affects their physical capacities and quality of life, which is known as osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity coexist in this condition. Physical exercise and nutritional management are the most widely used interventions for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. However, in older adults, physical exercise and protein intake do not have the same outcomes observed in younger people. Here, we used a low-intensity exercise routine for a long period of time (LIERLT) in order to delay the OSO appearance related to sedentarism and aging in female Wistar rats. The LIERLT routine consisted of walking at 15 m/min for 30 min, five days a week for 20 months. To evaluate the effects of the LIERLT routine, body composition was determined using DXA-scan, additionally, biochemical parameters, inflammatory profile, oxidative protein damage, redox state, and serum concentration of GDF-11 at different ages were evaluated (4, 8, 12, 18, 22, and 24 months). Our results show that the LIERLT routine delays OSO phenotype in old 24-month-old rats, in a mechanism involving the decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress. GDF-11 was evaluated as a protein related to muscle repair and regeneration; interestingly, rats that perform the LIERLT increased their GDF-11 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF‐11

Mena-Montes

Hernández-Álvarez

Pedraza-Vázquez

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…All these degenerative processes ultimately compromise the contractile function of the skeletal muscles during aging. The preferential denervation of type II fibers explain, at least in part, why people with a sedentary lifestyle are more susceptible to sarcopenia than people with an active lifestyle [42,270,271], since fast-twitch fibers are responsible for the power exerted by muscles. The disuse of type II motor units due to a limited use of explosive actions would accelerate their denervation, atrophy and degeneration.…”

Section: Tsc Implications On the Mechanisms Of Muscle Aging And Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal Schwann Cell Aging: Implications for Age-Associated Neuromuscular Dysfunction

Fuertes-Álvarez¹,

Izeta²

2021

Aging and disease

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Action potential is transmitted to muscle fibers through specialized synaptic interfaces called neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These structures are capped by terminal Schwann cells (tSCs), which play essential roles during formation and maintenance of the NMJ. tSCs are implicated in the correct communication between nerves and muscles, and in reinnervation upon injury. During aging, loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia and dynapenia) are due, at least in part, to the progressive loss of contacts between muscle fibers and nerves. Despite the important role of tSCs in NMJ function, very little is known on their implication in the NMJ-aging process and in age-associated denervation. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the implication of tSCs in the age-associated degeneration of NMJs. We also speculate on the possible mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes.

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“…Such disuse, or muscle unloading, results in significant declines in the functional capacity of the neuromuscular system including reduced strength, endurance, and changes in power (MacLennan et al., 2021; Qaisar et al., 2020; Scott et al., 2020). Specific causes for the unloading‐induced disruptions in neuromuscular function have been ascribed to whole muscle and myofiber atrophy (Arentson‐Lantz et al., 2020; Musacchia et al., 1988), decreased neural drive to contracting muscle (Deschenes et al., 2012; Narici & de Boer, 2011), impairment of neuromuscular transmission (Baehr et al., 2016; Spector, 1985), and myofiber‐type conversion (Baldwin et al., 2013; Deschenes et al., 2018). Interestingly, it has also been noted that unloading elicits sex‐specific adaptations in strength decrements in that maximal muscle force is decreased to a significantly greater extent in females than in males (Deschenes et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of subcellular components of neuromuscular junctions to decreased neuromuscular activity

Deschenes

Trebelhorn

High

et al. 2021

Synapse

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Muscle unloading imparts subtotal disuse on the neuromuscular system resulting in reduced performance capacity. This loss of function, at least in part, can be attributed to disruptions at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, research has failed to document morphological remodeling of the NMJ with short term muscle unloading. Here, rather than quantifying cellular components of the NMJ, we examined subcellular active zone responses to 2 weeks of unloading in male Wistar rats. It was revealed that in the plantaris, but not the soleus muscles, unloading elicited significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrements in active zone staining as measured by Bassoon, and calcium channel expression. It was also discovered that unloading decreased the area of calcium channels staining relative to active zone areas of staining suggesting potential interference in the ability of calcium influx to trigger the release of vesicles docked at the active zone. Post‐synaptic adaptations of the motor endplate were not evident. This presynaptic subcellular size reduction was not associated with atrophy of the underlying plantaris muscle fibers, although atrophy of the weight‐bearing soleus fibers, where no subcellular remodeling was evident, was noted. These results suggest that the active zone is highly sensitive to alterations in neuromuscular activity, and that morphological adaptation of excitatory and contractile components of the NMJ can occur independently of each other.

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Muscle fibers and their synapses differentially adapt to aging and endurance training

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Low‐Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF‐11

Low‐Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF‐11

Terminal Schwann Cell Aging: Implications for Age-Associated Neuromuscular Dysfunction

Sensitivity of subcellular components of neuromuscular junctions to decreased neuromuscular activity

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