Muscle Function Loss and Gain of Body Weight during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elderly Women: Effects of One Year of Lockdown

Rocha, A. Q. da; Lobo, Patrícia C. B.; Pimentel, Gustavo D.

doi:10.1007/s12603-021-1663-x

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Population ageing and rise in obesity prevalence worldwide are the two biggest risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including degenerative diseases, sarcopenia, frailty, dementia, increased morbidity, and mortality putting a strain on finite healthcare resources (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Physical inactivity during COVID-19 has further exacerbated the problem (6), and obesity has been recognized as the strongest risk for severe disease and mortality during COVID-19 (7). Elevated body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and/or waist hip ratio are often used to define obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults

Merchant

Seetharaman

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is an inadequate marker of obesity, and cannot distinguish between fat mass, fat free mass and distribution of adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to assess cross-sectional relationship of BMI with fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI) and ratio of fat mass to fat free mass (FM/FFM). Second, to study the association of FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM with physical function including sarcopenia, and cognition in pre-frail older adults.MethodsCross-sectional study of 191 pre-frail participants ≥ 65 years, 57.1% females. Data was collected on demographics, cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], function, frailty, calf circumference, handgrip strength (HGS), short physical performance battery (SPPB) and gait speed. Body composition was measured using InBody S10. FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM were classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3) with T1 classified as lowest and T3 highest tertile respectively and stratified by BMI.ResultsHigher FFMI and lower FM/FFM in the high BMI group were associated with better functional outcomes. Prevalence of low muscle mass was higher in the normal BMI group. FMI and FM/FFM were significantly higher in females and FFMI in males with significant gender differences except for FFMI in ≥ 80 years old. Small calf circumference was significantly less prevalent in the highest tertile of FMI, FM/FMI and FFMI. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and low physical function (HGS, gait speed and SPPB scores) were significantly higher in the highest FMI and FM/FFM tertile. Highest FFMI tertile group had higher physical function, higher MoCA scores, lower prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia, After adjustment, highest tertile of FFMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia especially in the high BMI group. Highest tertile of FM/FFM was associated with higher odds of sarcopenia. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia.ConclusionFFMI and FM/FFM may be a better predictor of functional outcomes in pre-frail older adults than BMI. Cut-off values for healthy BMI values and role of calf circumference as a screening tool for sarcopenia need to be validated in larger population. Health promotion intervention should focus on FFMI increment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults

Merchant

Seetharaman

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…BIA measurements (InBody S10; InBody, Tokyo, Japan) were performed according to standard protocols. HGS was measured by a Smedley hand dynamometer (TTM, Tokyo, Japan) with the patient in a standing or sitting position (depending on ability) with the non-dominant hand (or non-paralyzed hand in the case of hemiplegia) and the arm extended horizontally, and the highest of the three measurements was recorded [ 37 ]. Energy and protein intakes were estimated by dietitians and nurses by visually determining the ratio of actual intake to the amount provided to the patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chair-Stand Exercise Improves Sarcopenia in Rehabilitation Patients after Stroke

Yoshimura¹,

Wakabayashi

Nagano³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Currently, there is a lack of evidence to show that exercise therapy improves sarcopenia in older patients in clinical practice. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to clarify the effects of chair-stand exercise on improving sarcopenia among patients diagnosed with sarcopenia undergoing convalescent rehabilitation after stroke. According to the latest Asian criteria, sarcopenia was diagnosed when both skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) were low. Patients were asked to perform a repeated chair-stand exercise as whole-body resistance training, in addition to the rehabilitation program. Outcomes included sarcopenia rates, SMI, HGS, and physical function at hospital discharge. Multivariate analyses were used to examine whether the frequency of daily chair-stand exercise was independently associated with the outcomes after adjustment for potential confounders. After enrollment, 302 patients with sarcopenia (mean age: 78.6 years; 46.4% male) were analyzed. Overall, sarcopenia prevalence decreased by 21.9%, from 100% at admission to 78.1% at discharge. Multivariate analyses showed that the frequency of the exercise was significantly associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.986, p = 0.010), SMI (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), and HGS (β = 0.101, p = 0.032) at discharge, respectively. The chair-standing exercise was effective in improving sarcopenia in these patients.

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“…As recently published, physical activity was reduced to one-third of baseline, and sedentary time increased from 5 to 8 h/d according to a survey of people older than 55 years during the first wave of the pandemic. 37 Consequently, up to 10% of this population could have developed muscle function loss, [38][39][40] especially those people who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38,39 accelerating the risk of frailty and sarcopenia. 41,42 In addition, physical inactivity in older people caused by COVID-19 lockdown has a negative impact on nutrition behavior, with an increased risk to 2-to 4-fold for developing nutritional deficits.…”

Section: Functional Consequences Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 In Older...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33][34][35][36] The benefits of physical activity are widely known: greater muscle mass; better balance and cognitive function; and lower comorbidities, falls, frailty, sarcopenia, and disability in older people. 22,23,33,34,[38][39][40][41][42][43] In addition, related to SARS-CoV-2, physical activity improves immune function, 47 having a potential protective effect in the older population. Some programs of functional rehabilitation or telerehabilitation have been proposed, as well as respiratory rehabilitation.…”

Section: The Geriatric Care Model and Its Application To The Specific...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long COVID-19

Rodríguez-Sánchez

Rodríguez‐Mañas

Laosa

2022

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

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Muscle Function Loss and Gain of Body Weight during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elderly Women: Effects of One Year of Lockdown

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults

Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults

Chair-Stand Exercise Improves Sarcopenia in Rehabilitation Patients after Stroke

Long COVID-19

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