Muscle metabolism changes with age and maturation: How do they relate to youth sport performance?

Armstrong, Neil; Barker, Alan R.; McManus, Alison M.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094491

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In Japan, the 20mSRT is one of the physical fitness tests adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and is conducted nationwide. It was demonstrated that children have unique physiological responses to exercise (Takagi et al ., ; Armstrong et al ., ; Pitt et al ., ) and that muscle oxygenation response during treadmill running in children is different from that in adults (Takagi et al ., ). Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of muscle oxygenation profiles during the 20mSRT in children and its relationship with 20mSRT performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated point of muscle deoxygenation during the 20‐m shuttle run test

Kume

Iguchi

Endoh

2017

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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This study examined whether the point of accelerated deoxygenation of active muscle occurs during the 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) and, if so, whether it is associated with exercise performance in the test. Twenty-nine male subjects performed the 20mSRT, and concentration changes in oxyhaemoglobin (ΔOxy-Hb) and deoxyhaemoglobin (ΔDeoxy-Hb) in the m. vastus lateralis were measured using a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device. The difference between the relative concentration changes in ΔOxy-Hb and ΔDeoxy-Hb (Δ[Oxy-Hb - Deoxy-Hb]) was regarded as the muscle oxygenation index. Group-averaged Δ[Oxy-Hb - Deoxy-Hb] showed progressive decrease during the test. However, among the individuals, we found an accelerated point of decrease in Δ[Oxy-Hb - Deoxy-Hb] in 20 subjects, which revealed that the laps at the accelerated point correlated with the total laps (r = 0·78). These results demonstrate that the accelerated deoxygenation of active muscle occurs during the 20mSRT, but not in all cases. Our findings also indicate that if the accelerated point of muscle deoxygenation occurs, the timing of its appearance is related to 20mSRT performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated point of muscle deoxygenation during the 20‐m shuttle run test

Kume

Iguchi

Endoh

2017

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…Although it may seem inconsistent for less mature players (small forwarders and point guards) to outperform Yo-Yo IR1 in relation to more mature players (centers), it is likely that metabolic and neuromuscular changes that occur with maturation may be used as a justification to explain these results. Studies available in literature have shown that metabolic and neuromuscular changes that occur with the biological maturation process maximize the development of anaerobic metabolism and adversely influence energy production through aerobic metabolism 26,27 . For example, Doncaster et al 28 have shown that soccer players of the same chronological age classified as pre-PHV (less mature) have higher "efficiency" in using the oxidative system for energy production (represented by faster oxygen uptake kinetics) compared to players who were near or beyond PHV (more mature).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of maturation and physical performance in basketball athletes of different playing positions

Barazetti

Varoni

Campos

et al. 2019

Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.

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The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of somatic maturation, anthropometric and physical performance (vertical jump and aerobic power) in young basketball players of different playing positions (under 13 years) and analyze these relationships using Peak Height Velocity (PHV) as a measure of somatic maturation. For this, 26 male athletes were evaluated. Anthropometric variables were: body mass, standing and sitting height, and length of lower limbs. Maturation was determined by age at PHV. Physical performance was determined by lower limb power (counter movement jump - CMJ) and aerobic power (Intermittent Recovery Test) tests. MANOVA reported significant differences (p<0.05) among playing positions regarding variables Maturity Offset, estimated PHV age, standing height, sitting height, estimated leg length, body mass and Yo-Yo IR1. In addition, it was identified that point guards reached estimated PHV at later age than their peers who act as small forwards and centers. Regarding CMJ, no significant differences were identified among playing positions, but in relation to aerobic power, point guards and small forwards presented higher performance. These findings confirm that maturation has great effect on growth and physical performance measures and the estimated PHV age is an applicable tool in young athletes, mainly aiding professionals in structuring the teaching-learning- training process in this age group.

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“…Throughout youth, the metabolic responses to exercise change with growth and maturation [102]. Following resistance and short-term high-intensity exercise, children have been shown to elicit lower post-exercise peak blood lactate concentrations, faster blood lactate clearance rates [67,75,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109], better blood acid-base regulation [110], lower phosphocreatine (PCr) depletion, faster PCr resynthesis rates [111][112][113][114] and faster heart rate recovery [67,75,108,115].…”

Section: Metabolic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development

Drury

Ratel

Clark

et al. 2019

JFMK

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The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the role of eccentric resistance training in youth and how this training modality can be utilized within long-term physical development. Current literature on responses to eccentric exercise in youth has demonstrated that potential concerns, such as fatigue and muscle damage, compared to adults are not supported. Considering the importance of resistance training for youth athletes and the benefits of eccentric training in enhancing strength, power, speed, and resistance to injury, its inclusion throughout youth may be warranted. In this review we provide a brief overview of the physiological responses to exercise in youth with specific reference to the different responses to eccentric resistance training between children, adolescents, and adults. Thereafter, we discuss the importance of ensuring that force absorption qualities are trained throughout youth and how these may be influenced by growth and maturation. In particular, we propose practical methods on how eccentric resistance training methods can be implemented in youth via the inclusion of efficient landing mechanics, eccentric hamstrings strengthening and flywheel inertia training. This article proposes that the use of eccentric resistance training in youth should be considered a necessity to help develop both physical qualities that underpin sporting performance, as well as reducing injury risk. However, as with any other training modality implemented within youth, careful consideration should be given in accordance with an individual’s maturity status, training history and technical competency as well as being underpinned by current long-term physical development guidelines.

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Muscle metabolism changes with age and maturation: How do they relate to youth sport performance?

Cited by 73 publications

References 96 publications

Accelerated point of muscle deoxygenation during the 20‐m shuttle run test

Accelerated point of muscle deoxygenation during the 20‐m shuttle run test

Comparison of maturation and physical performance in basketball athletes of different playing positions

Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development

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