Muscle Metabolome Profiles in Woody Breast-(un)Affected Broilers: Effects of Quantum Blue Phytase-Enriched Diet

Greene, Elizabeth S.; Cauble, Reagan N; Dhamad, Ahmed E.; Kidd, M. T.; Kong, Byung-Whi; Howard, Sara; Castro, Hector F.; Campagna, Shawn R.; Bedford, M. R.; Dridi, Sami

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00458

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…The down-regulated adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II and guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II pathways in WB affected birds ( Figure 6 ) were also indicators of reduced ATP and GTP production. The increased pathways of purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis and pyrimide nucleotides and/or their derivatives were indicative of increased energy production, which agrees with the increased TCA cycle activity in our study and the findings from Greene et al. (2020) who observed increased metabolites, for example fumarate, from purine nucleotide degradation and de novo biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cecal microbiota contribute to the development of woody breast myopathy

Zhang

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial diversity of cecal microbiota in broilers related to breast phenotype, diet, and genetic strain. Broilers from 2 genetic strains (120 birds/strain) were fed a control diet (15 birds/pen) and an amino acid reduced diet (15 birds/pen, digestible lysine, total sulfur amino acids, and threonine reduced by 20% compared to the control diet). At 8 wk of age, 4 male broilers with normal breast ( NB , 1 chick per pen) and 4 male broilers with woody breast ( WB , 1 chick per pen) were selected for each treatment (strain × diet). The DNA of cecal samples was extracted and the 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and analyzed. There were no differences ( P > 0.05) in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota between 2 phenotypes (NB vs. WB), 2 strains, or 2 diets (control vs. reduced). However, principal coordinate analysis plots (beta diversity) revealed that there were composition differences in samples between the 2 phenotypes ( P = 0.001) and the 2 diets ( P = 0.024). The most abundant phyla in all samples were Firmicutes , followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria . There were differences (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05) in bacterial relative abundance between phenotypes and between diet treatments, but not (FDR > 0.05) between the 2 genetic strains. Selenomonas bovis (12.6%) and Bacteroides plebeius (12.3%) were the top 2 predominant bacteria in the ceca of WB birds; however, the relative abundances of these 2 bacteria were only 5.1% and 1.2% in NB birds, respectively. Function analysis predicted that the metabolic activities differed (q < 0.05) only between phenotypes. The microbiota of WB birds was characterized as reduced glycolysis and urea cycle but increased tricarboxylic acid ( TCA ) cycles, sugar degradation, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Further studies are needed to investigate if WB incidence could be reduced by regulating gut microbiota and the potential mechanism that leads to decreased WB incidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cecal microbiota contribute to the development of woody breast myopathy

Zhang

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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“…Thus, a feasible hypothesis for the abovementioned intra-fillet variations may rely on a different blood flow between the surface of the muscle, phenotypically exhibiting the defect, and its deep counterpart. The first, being thicker and likely less oxygenated compared to the latter, might be more prone to develop inflammatory processes due to the weakened blood supply and impaired displacement of metabolic end-products, thus resulting in the advancing of hypoxic conditions which are believed to be the triggering factor for the manifestation of growth-related abnormalities (Abasht et al, 2016;Malila et al, 2019;Greene et al, 2020). Indeed, as observed at least for WS and WB, the severity of the histological lesions gradually weakens when moving from the antero-ventral to the antero-dorsal section of P. major muscle (Soglia et al, 2016b;Clark and Velleman, 2017;Baldi et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Implications On Meat Quality and Practical Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaghetti Meat Abnormality in Broilers: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions

2021

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Spaghetti meat (SM) is a recent muscular abnormality that affects the Pectoralis major muscle of fast-growing broilers. As the appellative suggests, this condition phenotypically manifests as a loss of integrity of the breast muscle, which appears soft, mushy, and sparsely tight, resembling spaghetti pasta. The incidence of SM can reach up to 20% and its occurrence exerts detrimental effects on meat composition, nutritional value, and technological properties, accounting for an overall decreased meat value and important economic losses related to the necessity to downgrade affected meats. However, due to its recentness, the causative mechanisms are still partially unknown and less investigated compared to other muscular abnormalities (i.e., White Striping and Wooden Breast), for which cellular stress and hypoxia caused by muscle hypertrophy are believed to be the main triggering factors. Within this scenario, the present review aims at providing a clear and concise summary of the available knowledge concerning SM abnormality and concurrently presenting the existing research gaps, as well as the potential future developments in the field.

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“…Woody breast (WB) is a metabolic condition that has a significant impact on modern broilers and is imposing a heavy economic burden on the poultry industry worldwide ( Greene et al., 2020a ). It is already present in many countries including USA, France, Finland, Italy, Spain, Brazil, UK, and Japan ( Sihvo et al., 2013 ; Mudalal et al., 2015 ; Russo et al, 2015 ; Alnahhas et al., 2016 ; de Brot et al., 2016 ; Cemin et al., 2018 ; Huang and Ahn, 2018 ; Kawasaki et al., 2018 ), and is emerging on a global scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the exact etiology of WB myopathy is still unknown, omics studies indicated several potential contributing factors including hypoxia and oxidative stress, intracellular calcium, and muscle fiber type switching ( Mutryn et al., 2015 ; Abasht et al., 2016 ; Greene et al., 2020a ). In addition to hardening of the affected muscle area, pale color, surface hemorrhaging and the presence of gelatinous fluid on the muscle surface, WB is histologically and microscopically characterized by infiltration of immune and fat cells ( Sihvo et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In continuum of our previous research where we have shown that WB myopathy is associated with dysmetabolism of oxygen homeostasis and activation of hypoxia pathway ( Greene et al., 2020a ) as well as alteration of fatty acid profile ( Cauble et al., 2020 ), we undertook the present study to determine the fate of SC in WB muscle using both in vivo and in vitro approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxia further exacerbates woody breast myopathy in broilers via alteration of satellite cell fate

et al. 2021

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Woody breast ( WB ) condition has created a variety of challenges for the global poultry industry. To date, there are no effective treatments or preventative measures due to its unknown (undefined) etiology. Several potential mechanisms including oxidative stress, fiber-type switching, cellular damage, and altered intracellular calcium levels have been proposed to play a key role in the progression of the WB myopathy. In a previous study, we have shown that WB is associated with hypoxia-like status and dysregulated oxygen homeostasis. As satellite cells ( SC ) play a pivotal role in muscle fiber repair and remodeling under stress conditions, we undertook the present study to determine satellite cell fate in WB-affected birds when reared in either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Modern random bred broilers from 2015 (n = 200) were wing banded and reared under standard brooding practices for the first 2 wk post-hatch. At 15 d, chicks were divided in 2 body weight-matched groups and reared to 6 wk in either control local altitude or hypobaric chambers with simulated altitude of 6,000 ft. Birds were provided ad libitum access to water and feed, according to the Cobb recommendations. At 6 wk of age, birds were processed and scored for WB, and breast samples were collected from WB-affected and unaffected birds for molecular analyses (n = 10/group). SCs were isolated from normal breast muscle, cultured in vitro, and exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 2 h. The expression of target genes was determined by qPCR using 2 −∆∆Ct method. Protein distribution and expression were determined by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblot, respectively. Data were analyzed by the Student's t test with significance set at P < 0.05. Multiple satellite cell markers, myogenic factor ( Myf )-5 and paired box ( PAX )-7 were significantly decreased at the mRNA and protein levels in the breast muscle from WB-affected birds compared to their unaffected counterparts. Lipogenic-and adipogenic-associated factors (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACCα ; fatty acid synthase, FASN , malic enzyme, ME ; and ATP citrate lyase, ACLY ) were activated in WB-affected birds. These data were supported by an in vitro study where hypoxia decreased the expression of Myf5 and Pax7, and increased that of ACCα, FASN, ME, and ACLY. Together, these data indicate that under hypoxic condition, SC change fate by switching from a myogenic to an adipogenic program, which explains at least partly, the etiology of the WB myopathy.

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Muscle Metabolome Profiles in Woody Breast-(un)Affected Broilers: Effects of Quantum Blue Phytase-Enriched Diet

Cited by 26 publications

References 88 publications

Cecal microbiota contribute to the development of woody breast myopathy

Cecal microbiota contribute to the development of woody breast myopathy

Spaghetti Meat Abnormality in Broilers: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions

Hypoxia further exacerbates woody breast myopathy in broilers via alteration of satellite cell fate

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