Muscle regeneration in amphibians and mammals: Passing the torch

Carlson, Bruce M.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.10223

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The muscle regenerates by the multiplication, differentiation and fusion of satellite cells to form new myofibres. Overall, Xenopus tail regeneration seems much more akin to the normal tissue renewal mechanisms found in mammals than to the specialised regeneration mechanisms found in the urodeles (Carlson, 2003). This may make Xenopus a more useful model organism than formerly suspected for experimental work in regenerative medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell lineage tracing duringXenopustail regeneration

2004

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The tail of the Xenopus tadpole will regenerate following amputation, and all three of the main axial structures – the spinal cord, the notochord and the segmented myotomes – are found in the regenerated tail. We have investigated the cellular origin of each of these three tissue types during regeneration.We produced Xenopus laevis embryos transgenic for the CMV (Simian Cytomegalovirus) promoter driving GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) ubiquitously throughout the embryo. Single tissues were then specifically labelled by making grafts at the neurula stage from transgenic donors to unlabelled hosts. When the hosts have developed to tadpoles, they carry a region of the appropriate tissue labelled with GFP. These tails were amputated through the labelled region and the distribution of labelled cells in the regenerate was followed. We also labelled myofibres using the Cre-lox method.The results show that the spinal cord and the notochord regenerate from the same tissue type in the stump, with no labelling of other tissues. In the case of the muscle, we show that the myofibres of the regenerate arise from satellite cells and not from the pre-existing myofibres. This shows that metaplasia between differentiated cell types does not occur, and that the process of Xenopus tail regeneration is more akin to tissue renewal in mammals than to urodele tail regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell lineage tracing duringXenopustail regeneration

2004

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“…However, given the well-established inhibitory role of Notch in myogenic differentiation, we predict that constitutive Notch activation will similarly inhibit the regeneration of old muscles, while transiently activating Notch may facilitate the regeneration. Indeed, the age-associated decline in muscle injury repair is reported to be largely attributed to decreased activation of satellite cells by Notch signaling, and Wnt-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling is necessary for myogenic differentiation (5,9,43). Third, the amplitude of Notch activation may have been different in these different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Notch Activation Upregulates Pax7 and Promotes the Self-Renewal of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

Wen

Liu

et al. 2012

Molecular and Cellular Biology

223

232

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“…In the early stage of this process, dedifferentiation of myofibers is evident (Kintner and Brockes, 1984;Lo et al, 1993;Kumar et al, 2000) and dedifferentiated cells at the amputation site are thought to mainly contribute to the muscle formation in the regenerate (Carlson, 2003). Moreover, some experiments have suggested that dedifferentiated cells derived from myofibers are transdifferentiated into other tissue types, including cartilage and connective tissue (Lo et al, 1993;Kumar et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle formation in regenerating Xenopus froglet limb

Satoh

Ide

Tamura

2005

Developmental Dynamics

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A spike, a resultant regenerate made after amputation of a Xenopus froglet limb, has no muscle tissue. This muscle-less phenotype was analyzed by molecular approaches, and the results of analysis revealed that the spike expresses no myosin heavy chain or Pax7, suggesting that neither mature muscle tissue nor satellite cells exist in the spike. The regenerating blastema in the froglet limb lacked some myogenesis-related marker genes, myoD and myf5, but allowed implanted muscle precursor cells to survive and differentiate into myofiber. Implantation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) -releasing cell aggregates rescued this muscle-less phenotype and induced muscle regeneration in Xenopus froglet limb regenerates. These results suggest that failure of regeneration of muscle is due to a disturbance of the early steps of myogenesis under a molecular cascade mediated by HGF/c-met. Improvement of muscle regeneration in the Xenopus adult limb that we report here for the first time will give us important insights into epimorphic tissue regeneration in amphibians and other vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 233:337-346, 2005.

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Muscle regeneration in amphibians and mammals: Passing the torch

Cited by 62 publications

References 113 publications

Cell lineage tracing duringXenopustail regeneration

Cell lineage tracing duringXenopustail regeneration

Constitutive Notch Activation Upregulates Pax7 and Promotes the Self-Renewal of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

Muscle formation in regenerating Xenopus froglet limb

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