Muscle Tone Physiology and Abnormalities

Ganguly, Jacky; Kulshreshtha, Dinkar; Almotiri, Mohammed; Jog, Mandar

doi:10.3390/toxins13040282

Cited by 73 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Механизм развития спастичности полностью не изучен. В первую очередь патогенез спастичности связывают с нарушением регуляторных влияний со стороны поврежденных структур головного мозга на функционирование рефлекса на растяжение, замыкающегося на уровне спинного мозга [8]. Однако большинство реабилитационных и лечебных мероприятий при ДЦП прямо или косвенно направлено на симптоматическое снижение патологического мышечного тонуса [9,10].…”

Section: селективная дорзальная ризотомия в лечении спастичности у па...unclassified

“…Вместе с тем следует учитывать, что у части пациентов спастичность выполняет компенсаторную функцию и при выраженной мышечной слабости обеспечивает опорность, необходимую для передвижения с поддержкой [8]. В такой ситуации снижение мышечного тонуса в результате СДР может повлечь ухудшение функциональных возможностей пациента.…”

Section: тонус и сила мышцunclassified

“…Для дифференциации спастичности и дистонии могут быть рекомендованы шкала HAT (Hypertonia Assessment Tool) [39], а также поверхностная электромиография и анализ походки [37]. Поскольку дистония не всегда отчетливо проявляется в раннем возрасте и имеет тенденцию нарастать по мере взросления [8], дополнительным критерием отбора выступает оценка структурных изменений головного мозга при помощи МРТ.…”

Section: тонус и сила мышцunclassified

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Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Treatment of Spasticity in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Клочкова

Kolesnikova²,

Zinenko

et al. 2022

Vopr. sovr. pediatr.

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Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is effective and safe neurosurgical method for the treatment of patients with spastic forms of cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of the review is to introduce the opportunities of SDR in CP patients, to present indications, contraindications, and current inclusion criteria for the surgery for the broad audience of specialists. Authors have given recommendations on SDR implementation in complex rehabilitation of CP patients and have defined its effective combination with other methods of spasticity treatment according to the international experience of SDR, and its short-term and long-term results. The particular attention was paid to the application of SDR in cases of secondary orthopaedic deformities due to CP. The understanding of opportunities and limitations of SDR will allow us to give the patients relevant help and use the advantages of this method.

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Section: селективная дорзальная ризотомия в лечении спастичности у па...unclassified

Section: тонус и сила мышцunclassified

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Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Treatment of Spasticity in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Клочкова

Kolesnikova²,

Zinenko

et al. 2022

Vopr. sovr. pediatr.

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“…Spasticity can be broadly defined as 'sensory-motor disorder caused by upper motor neuron lesions that manifests as involuntary intermittent or continuous muscle activation' (8). Spasticity symptoms include increased muscle tone, muscle contraction, increased deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and joint immobilization (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Intranasal Lidocaine in the Treatment of Spasticity in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2021

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Background: Spasticity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most significant barriers of returning patients to their normal life. Spasticity caused by TBI does not have a specific or definitive treatment, and the clinical effect of pharmacologic treatments has not been significant. Methods: In this single-arm study, we evaluated 15 patients. For each patient with spasticity, treatment with oral baclofen 25 mg was started three times a day as a part of standard therapy. After 48 hours, if the spasticity did not decrease by at least one score in the Modified Tardieu or Ashworth scales, lidocaine 0.5% was administered as a continuous intranasal infusion. The initial dose of lidocaine was 1 mg/min, which was gradually increased to 2 mg/min. Spasticity and the frequency of spasms were assessed by Ashworth and modified tardieu scales (MTS) and Spasm Frequency Score (SFS), respectively. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and arterial oxygen saturation (SPo2) of patients were recorded during nine days of treatment. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 15 participants in this study, 13 (86.7%) were male, and 2 (13.3%) were female (mean age: 29.26 ± 12.5 years). There were no significant differences in Ashworth Scale, Modified Tradieu Scale, RASS Score, GCS Score, MAP, SPo2 percentage, HR, RR, and the number of spasms per day between the time of initiation of treatment and the second day of baclofen treatment (P > 0.05). Evaluation of spasticity using Ashworth scale on the first and last days of lidocaine treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean spasticity (3.46 ± 0.51 and 1.46 ± 0.91, respectively; P < 0.001). Spasticity assessment using the MTS showed a significant reduction in the mean of the last day of treatment compared to the mean of the first day of treatment (3.6 ± 0.5 and 1.26 ± 0.51, respectively; P < 0.001). This decrease was also seen in the mean of the last day of treatment compared to the first day in SFS (13.3 ± 3.88 and 3.8 ± 0.51, respectively; P < 0.001). Comparison of HR, RR, MAP, RASS, GCS, and SPo2 on the first and last days of treatment did not show any statistical differences. Conclusions: Although continuous intranasal treatment with lidocaine can be effective in spasm reduction of patients with TBI, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required.

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“…Spasticity is another established BoNT indication; our issue sets the stage with a review on muscle tone physiology and abnormalities [4] presenting data on the continuous increase in efficacy under repetitive injections of BoNT (five sessions every three months) in 24 adults with spastic foot drop followed over 390 days [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial on the Special Issue “Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go”

Jog

Fasano

2022

Toxins

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Muscle Tone Physiology and Abnormalities

Cited by 73 publications

References 113 publications

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Treatment of Spasticity in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Treatment of Spasticity in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Evaluation of the Effect of Intranasal Lidocaine in the Treatment of Spasticity in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Editorial on the Special Issue “Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go”

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