Muscle type‐specific response of PGC‐1<i>α</i> and oxidative enzymes during voluntary wheel running in mouse skeletal muscle

Ikeda, Shin‐ichi; Kawamoto, Hideo; Kasaoka, K; Hitomi, Yoshiaki; Kizaki, Takako; Sankai, Yoshiyuki; Ohno, Hideki; Haga, Shukoh; Takemasa, T

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2006.01623.x

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, LC-HF diets seem not to generally affect muscle GLUT4 expression. It is known that especially the anatomic location of the muscle and the type of muscle fiber (including the myosin heavy chain isoform expression profile) plays an important role for GLUT4 expression (15,20,30,32). Our own preliminary data from Western blot experiments using quadriceps muscle samples indicate that GLUT4 expression was not affected by LC-HF diets in that muscle type (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets

Bielohuby

Sisley

Sandoval

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Tschöp MH, Seeley RJ, Bidlingmaier M. Impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 305: E1059 -E1070, 2013. First published August 22, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00208.2013.-Moderate low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LC-HF) diets are widely used to induce weight loss in overweight subjects, whereas extreme ketogenic LC-HF diets are used to treat neurological disorders like pediatric epilepsy. Usage of LC-HF diets for improvement of glucose metabolism is highly controversial; some studies suggest that LC-HF diets ameliorate glucose tolerance, whereas other investigations could not identify positive effects of these diets or reported impaired insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigate the effects of LC-HF diets on glucose and insulin metabolism in a well-characterized animal model. Male rats were fed isoenergetic or hypocaloric amounts of standard control diet, a high-protein "Atkinsstyle" LC-HF diet, or a low-protein, ketogenic, LC-HF diet. Both LC-HF diets induced lower fasting glucose and insulin levels associated with lower pancreatic ␤-cell volumes. However, dynamic challenge tests (oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, insulintolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps) revealed that LC-HF pair-fed rats exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and impaired hepatic and peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity, the latter potentially being mediated by elevated intramyocellular lipids. Adjusting visceral fat mass in LC-HF groups to that of controls by reducing the intake of LC-HF diets to 80% of the pair-fed groups did not prevent glucose intolerance. Taken together, these data show that lack of dietary carbohydrates leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in rats despite causing a reduction in fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Our results argue against a beneficial effect of LC-HF diets on glucose and insulin metabolism, at least under physiological conditions. Therefore, use of LC-HF diets for weight loss or other therapeutic purposes should be balanced against potentially harmful metabolic side effects. dietary intervention; macronutrients; Atkins-style and ketogenic diet; hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps; insulin resistance

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets

Bielohuby

Sisley

Sandoval

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…PGC-1a expression is downregulated in different models of muscle atrophy, including diabetes, uremia, cancer cachexia, and chronic heart failure [26,27]. In contrast, PGC-1a expression increases in both slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles following acute exercise and chronic training [45,46]. Therefore, we hypothesized that immobilization would reduce PGC-1a expression in both slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Differential gene expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in response to immobilization-induced atrophy of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles

2011

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We examined muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 gene expression resulting from immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy of slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch plantaris muscles. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to hindlimb immobilization, which induced similar percentage decreases in muscle mass in the soleus and plantaris muscles. Expression of MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 was significantly greater in the plantaris muscle than in the soleus muscle during the early stage of atrophy. After a 3-day period of atrophy, total FOXO3a protein level had increased in both muscles, while phosphorylated FOXO3a protein had decreased in the plantaris muscle, but not in the soleus muscle. PGC-1α protein expression did not change following immobilization in both muscles, but basal PGC-1α protein in the soleus was markedly higher than that in plantaris muscles. These data suggest that although soleus and plantaris muscles atrophied to a similar extent and that muscle-specific ubiquitin protein ligases (E3) may contribute more to the atrophy of fast-twitch muscle than to that of slow-twitch muscle during immobilization.

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated metabolic substrate and muscle injuries after prolonged endurance exercise (Ikeda et al, 2006;Rezende et al, 2004;Maglara et al, 2003;Shave et al, 2004). In the majority of these studies, however, the control of environmental conditions has been limited during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Metabolic Substrates between Exercise and Cold Exposure in Skaters

Hong

Kim

et al. 2008

J Physiol Anthropol

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To test the effect of a cold condition on metabolic substrate and possible development of muscle injuries, short track skaters (nϭ9) and inline skaters (nϭ10) took rest and submaximal cycled (65% VO 2 max) in cold (ambient temperature: 5Ϯ1°C, relative humidity: 41Ϯ8%) and warm conditions (ambient temperature: 21Ϯ1°C, relative humidity: 35Ϯ5%), for 60 min, each. Blood glucose (BG), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined to investigate the effect on energy metabolism. To estimate possible muscle injury in the cold condition, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin (Mb) were also measured. TG and FFA levels were increased during exercise in the cold condition, but were unaffected by the difference of skaters. Of the myocellular enzymes, CK was significantly higher during the transition from submaximal exercise to recovery phase in a short track skater compared with inline skater group, indicating a higher physical strain. Additionally, the level of Mb in the inline skater group significantly elevated during recovery phase in the cold compared with in the warm condition. It is concluded that exercise caused stress that was dependent on the ambient temperature. Therefore, exercise in the cold condition altered the circulating level of energy substrate and increased muscle injuries.

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Muscle type‐specific response of PGC‐1α and oxidative enzymes during voluntary wheel running in mouse skeletal muscle

Abstract: These results suggest that muscle type-specific responses occur during endurance exercise, and that the increase in PGC-1alpha expression is not the only factor that promotes oxidative capacity as a result of endurance exercise.

Cited by 50 publications

References 29 publications

Impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets

Impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets

Differential gene expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in response to immobilization-induced atrophy of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles

Comparison of Metabolic Substrates between Exercise and Cold Exposure in Skaters

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