Mushroom Poisoning Outbreaks — China, 2019

Li, Weiwei; Hong-shun, Zhang; Zhang, Yizhe; Kai-ping, Zhang; Zhou, Jiawei; Yao, Yin; Jiang, Shaofeng; Ma, Ping; He, Qian; Zhang, Yutao; Wen, Ke; Yuan, Yuan; Li, Nan; Lu, Junjia; Sun, Chengye

doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.005

Cited by 49 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…Another example of a mushroom that is widely considered toxic in some regions and edible in others is Chlorophyllum molybdites . This species was responsible for more poisoning incidents in China in 2019 than any other species of mushroom (Li et al., 2020). Numerous other sources confirm that this mushroom is poisonous and should not be eaten (Bijeesh, Vrinda, & Pradeep, 2017; Lehmann & Khazan, 1992; Meijer, Amazonas, Rubio, & Curial, 2007), yet a wider literature search reveals that C. molybdites is consumed in nine states of Mexico (Villarreal & Perez‐Moreno, 1989a).…”

Section: The Importance Of Developing An Evidence‐based Classificatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence‐based classification system

Yang

Menolli

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

134

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Wild mushrooms are a vital source of income and nutrition for many poor communities and of value to recreational foragers. Literature relating to the edibility of mushroom species continues to expand, driven by an increasing demand for wild mushrooms, a wider interest in foraging, and the study of traditional foods. Although numerous case reports have been published on edible mushrooms, doubt and confusion persist regarding which species are safe and suitable to consume. Case reports often differ, and the evidence supporting the stated properties of mushrooms can be incomplete or ambiguous. The need for greater clarity on edible species is further underlined by increases in mushroom‐related poisonings. We propose a system for categorizing mushroom species and assigning a final edibility status. Using this system, we reviewed 2,786 mushroom species from 99 countries, accessing 9,783 case reports, from over 1,100 sources. We identified 2,189 edible species, of which 2,006 can be consumed safely, and a further 183 species which required some form of pretreatment prior to safe consumption or were associated with allergic reactions by some. We identified 471 species of uncertain edibility because of missing or incomplete evidence of consumption, and 76 unconfirmed species because of unresolved, differing opinions on edibility and toxicity. This is the most comprehensive list of edible mushrooms available to date, demonstrating the huge number of mushrooms species consumed. Our review highlights the need for further information on uncertain and clash species, and the need to present evidence in a clear, unambiguous, and consistent manner.

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Section: The Importance Of Developing An Evidence‐based Classificatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence‐based classification system

Yang

Menolli

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many mushroom poisoning cases have been reported worldwide and have mainly been caused by members of A. sect. Phalloideae (Zhang et al, 2010;Cai et al, 2014Cai et al, , 2016Yang, 2015;Li et al, 2015Li et al, , 2020Thongbai et al, 2017). Consequently, much attention has been devoted to the species producing toxins within A. sect.…”

Section: Toxicity In Amanitamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have caused dramatic human and animal poisoning cases (Wieland, 1973(Wieland, , 1986Bresinsky and Besl, 1985). It has been reported that A. exitialis Zhu L. Yang and T. H. Li, A. fuliginea Hongo, A. fuligineoides P. Zhang and Zhu L. Yang, A. pallidorosea P. Zhang and Zhu L. Yang, A. rimosa P. Zhang and Zhu L. Yang, and A. subjunquillea S. Imai cause a lot of fungal poisoning cases in East Asia (Zhang et al, 2010;Deng et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014Li et al, , 2020Cai et al, 2016). The toxins in lethal amanitas are mainly amatoxins, phallotoxins, and virotoxins (Wieland et al, 1983;Wieland, 1986;Cai et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Multilocus Phylogeny, and Toxin Analysis Reveal Amanita albolimbata, the First Lethal Amanita Species From Benin, West Africa

et al. 2020

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Many species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae (Fr.) Quél. cause death of people after consumption around the world. Amanita albolimbata, a new species of A. sect. Phalloideae from Benin, is described here. The taxon represents the first lethal species of A. sect. Phalloideae known from Benin. Morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on five genes (ITS, nrLSU, rpb2, tef1-α, and β-tubulin) revealed that A. albolimbata is a distinct species. The species is characterized by its smooth, white pileus sometimes covered by a patchy volval remnant, a bulbous stipe with a white limbate volva, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, amyloid basidiospores, and abundant inflated cells in the volva. Screening for the most notorious toxins by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed the presence of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, and phallacidin in A. albolimbata.

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“…Unfortunately, many lethal Amanita species share morphological characteristics with the edible ones, leading to misidentification, consumption, and serious poisonings. In 2019, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) reported 276 independent mushroom poisonings in China with 769 patients and 22 deaths, and the majority of the deaths (20 cases) were caused by Amanita and amanitin-containing species [ 38 ]. The genome-guided approach adopted in this study identified 12 novel cyclic peptides and one known cyclic peptide in four Amanita species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Cyclic Peptides from Lethal Amanita Mushrooms through a Genome-Guided Approach

Zhou

Lüli

et al. 2021

JoF

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Most species in the genus Amanita are ectomycorrhizal fungi comprising both edible and poisonous mushrooms. Some species produce potent cyclic peptide toxins, such as α-amanitin, which places them among the deadliest organisms known to mankind. These toxins and related cyclic peptides are encoded by genes of the “MSDIN” family (named after the first five amino acid residues of the precursor peptides), and it is largely unknown to what extent these genes are expressed in the basidiocarps. In the present study, Amanita rimosa and Amanita exitialis were sequenced through the PacBio and Illumina techniques. Together with our two previously sequenced genomes, Amanita subjunquillea and Amanita pallidorosea, in total, 46 previously unknown MSDIN genes were discovered. The expression of over 80% of the MSDIN genes was demonstrated in A. subjunquillea. Through a combination of genomics and mass spectrometry, 12 MSDIN genes were shown to produce novel cyclic peptides. To further confirm the results, three of the cyclic peptides were chemically synthesized. The tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of the natural and the synthetic peptides shared a majority of the fragment ions, demonstrating an identical structure between each peptide pair. Collectively, the results suggested that the genome-guided approach is reliable for identifying novel cyclic peptides in Amanita species and that there is a large peptide reservoir in these mushrooms.

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Mushroom Poisoning Outbreaks — China, 2019

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence‐based classification system

Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence‐based classification system

Morphology, Multilocus Phylogeny, and Toxin Analysis Reveal Amanita albolimbata, the First Lethal Amanita Species From Benin, West Africa

Novel Cyclic Peptides from Lethal Amanita Mushrooms through a Genome-Guided Approach

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