Mushrooms as Biomonitors of Heavy Metals Contamination in Forest Areas

Abstract

The aim of the research was to assess the level of contamination with heavy metals (manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) in two forest areas selected in different places in Poland: the first one in the Swietokrzyskie Province (forests of the Staporkow Forest Division) and the second one in the Opolskie Province (forests of the Kup Forest Division). The degree of contamination of these forest areas with analytes was found using edible large-fruited mushrooms naturally occurring there -the research was carried out using passive biomonitoring method. Heavy metals in mushrooms (separately in stems and hats) as well as in soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with excitation in flame (F-AAS). The obtained results were interpreted by assessing the degree of contamination of forest areas on the basis of concentrations of heavy metals in mushrooms. The obtained results indicate an increased accumulation of heavy metals in hats than in mushrooms stems. On the basis of the obtained data, significant contamination of forest areas with selected heavy metals was also found. This is confirmed by the possibility of using mushrooms as biomonitors in passive biomonitoring of forest areas, which are heavy metal accumulators. In the interpretation of the test results, the phytocumuling factor (PF) was also used. The degree of accumulation of heavy metals, from given forest areas -from soil to mushrooms -was assessed on the basis of determined PF coefficients. In addition, good bioavailability of the analysed analytes by mushrooms was found. Additionally, on the basis of the conducted studies, the possibility of mushroom consumption was assessed -they are not suitable for consumption due to the fact that the permissible concentration standards of heavy metals contained in mushrooms were exceeded.

Bibliometric analysis of European publications between 2001 and 2016 on concentrations of selected elements in mushrooms

“…These publications were most frequently based on the analyses of concentrations of individual elements in mushrooms (Mogîldea 2016;Kalač et al 2004;Román et al 2006), which were related to publications on the biomonitoring of certain areas for heavy metal pollution in selected mushroom species, e.g. Świsłowski and Rajfur (2018). This article is based on a systematic literature review, following the example of other bibliometric papers (Chang and Ho 2010;de Freitas and Alves-Souza 2019).…”

Mushroom Quality Related with Various Substrates’ Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals

“…Due to the ability to undergo the mycoremediation process, the mushrooms can absorb heavy metals, especially the wild mushroom that grows in contaminated areas [104]. However, the main concern is the consequences that come from heavy metal mitigation in the trophic chain, comprising the soil, plants, animals and humans [115]. The permanent entry of heavy metals into the food chain can be extremely dangerous, especially for human health.…”

Evaluación de los micromicetes asociados a la corteza de fresno en Buenos Aires (Argentina): su capacidad para degradar madera y tolerancia a metales pesados

“…Los hongos también pueden utilizarse para monitorear la contaminación ambiental por metales pesados (Lepšová, 1993). Los primeros trabajos con basidiomicetes, en áreas contaminadas, se limitaron a la recolección de basidiomas y la determinación de su contenido de metales pesados (Cuny et al, 2001;Świslowski & Rajfur, 2018). Se conoce poco sobre el comportamiento de los hongos saprótrofos frente a la presencia de metales (Baldrian, 2010).…”