Musical Training, Bilingualism, and Executive Function: A Closer Look at Task Switching and Dual‐Task Performance

Moradzadeh, Linda; Blumenthal, Galit; Wiseheart, Melody

doi:10.1111/cogs.12183

Cited by 118 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Similarly, these findings contrast with other work finding musician advantages in task switching (Hanna-Pladdy & MacKay, 2011;Moradzadeh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, some previous work has relied on tasks with relatively poor construct validity (as pointed out by Moradzadeh et al, 2014) and typically has not attempted to control for potential confounding variables such as SES. In these data, the relationship between musical ability and working memory updating persisted even when controlling for SES, bilingualism, age, and handedness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, music is most often played in coordination with others (Palmer, 2013), which requires switching between multiple auditory streams (Loehr, Kourtis, Vesper, Sebanz, & Knoblich, 2013) and adjusting to other performers (e.g., Loehr & Palmer, 2011;Moore & Chen, 2010). Thus music performance may be associated with relatively general switching advantages, and musicians have indeed been found to outperform non-musicians on switching tasks (Hanna-Pladdy & MacKay, 2011;Moradzadeh, Blumenthal, & Wiseheart, 2014; see also Bugos, Perlstein, McCrae, Brophy, & Bedenbaugh, 2007;Zuk, Benjamin, Kenyon, & Gaab, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

et al. 2016

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A growing body of research suggests that musical experience and ability are related to a variety of cognitive abilities, including executive functioning (EF). However, it is not yet clear if these relationships are limited to specific components of EF, limited to auditory tasks, or reflect very general cognitive advantages. This study investigated the existence and generality of the relationship between musical ability and EFs by evaluating the musical experience and ability of a large group of participants and investigating whether this predicts individual differences on three different components of EF – inhibition, updating, and switching – in both auditory and visual modalities. Musical ability predicted better performance on both auditory and visual updating tasks, even when controlling for a variety of potential confounds (age, handedness, bilingualism, and socio-economic status). However, musical ability was not clearly related to inhibitory control and was unrelated to switching performance. These data thus show that cognitive advantages associated with musical ability are not limited to auditory processes, but are limited to specific aspects of EF. This supports a process-specific (but modality-general) relationship between musical ability and non-musical aspects of cognition.GRAMMY Foundatio

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“…Similarly, these findings contrast with other work finding musician advantages in task switching (Hanna-Pladdy & MacKay, 2011;Moradzadeh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

et al. 2016

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“…Indeed, the most reliable group difference was a bilingual disadvantage in decision times. These findings argue against a bilingual advantage in visual search and dual-task performance, and are inconsistent with previous reports of a bilingual advantage, particularly under conditions of high monitoring (e.g., Costa et al, 2009), but are consistent with the findings of Moradzadeh et al (2015), who also failed to observe a bilingual dual-task advantage.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, other researchers have failed to observe a bilingual advantage in dual-task performance. Moradzadeh, Blumenthal, and Wiseheart (2015) investigated bilinguals’ dual-task performance on a Krantz (2007) task and a dual n-back task. In the Krantz task, participants tracked a moving dot while simultaneously attending to a series of flashing letters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing visual search and eye movements in bilinguals and monolinguals

Ratiu

Hout

Walenchok

et al. 2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Recent research has suggested that bilinguals show advantages over monolinguals in visual search tasks, although these findings have been derived from global behavioral measures of accuracy and response times. In the present study we sought to explore the bilingual advantage by using more sensitive eyetracking techniques across three visual search experiments. These spatially and temporally fine-grained measures allowed us to carefully investigate any nuanced attentional differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. Bilingual and monolingual participants completed visual search tasks that varied in difficulty. The experiments required participants to make careful discriminations in order to detect target Landolt Cs among similar distractors. In Experiment 1, participants performed both feature and conjunction search. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants performed visual search while making different types of speeded discriminations, after either locating the target or mentally updating a constantly changing target. The results across all experiments revealed that bilinguals and monolinguals were equally efficient at guiding attention and generating responses. These findings suggest that the bilingual advantage does not reflect a general benefit in attentional guidance, but could reflect more efficient guidance only under specific task demands.

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The influence of pride emotion on executive function: Evidence from ERP

Xie

Abulaiti

et al. 2022

Brain and Behavior

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Background The current study examined the influence of positive “basic” emotions on executive function; there is limited evidence about the influence of positive “self‐conscious”emotions, such as pride, on executive functions processes. Methods Pride is a status‐related self‐conscious emotion and the present research explored the influence of pride on the subcomponents of executive function, using three experiments that adopted the digit size‐parity switching, N‐back, and dual choice oddball paradigms. Results The behavioral results suggested that cognitive load and behavior inhibition effects in the pride emotion were significantly higher than the neutral emotion. The ERP results showed that the pride emotion elicited smaller P3 difference wave for the switching task and dual choice oddball task. In the N‐back task, the pride emotion elicited larger N1 amplitude and smaller P2 difference wave compared to the neutral emotion. A comparison among results from the three experiments indicated that pride emotion restrains all subcomponents of executive function, though with different manifestations of the impact. Conclusion Experiencing positive emotions is typically viewed as desirable and adaptive in educational settings; however, pride as a unique positive emotion may damage people's cognitive performance, indicating that we need to be cautious when performing cognitive operations in a pride mood.

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Musical Training, Bilingualism, and Executive Function: A Closer Look at Task Switching and Dual‐Task Performance

Cited by 118 publications

References 64 publications

Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

Comparing visual search and eye movements in bilinguals and monolinguals

The influence of pride emotion on executive function: Evidence from ERP

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