Muslim Fortresses in the Levant

Raphael, Kate

doi:10.4324/9780203845165

2010

DOI: 10.4324/9780203845165

|View full text |Cite

Muslim Fortresses in the Levant

Kate Raphael¹

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

2018

2022

Publication Types

Select...

Article2

Relationship

Self Cite0

Independent2

Authors

Journals

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Differential earthquake footprints on the masonry styles at Qal’at al-Subayba (Nimrod fortress) support the theory of its ancient origin

Margalit

2018

Herit Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Qal'at al-Subayba (Nimrod Fortress), one of the largest medieval fortresses in the Middle East, is strategically located above the city of Banias on the ancient highway from Tyre to Damascus. Scholars have attributed the founding of the fortress to different rulers and periods. Current theory attributes the fortress founding to the Ayyubids. Although the Ayyubic theory is widely accepted, it relies primarily upon alternative interpretation of historical sources rather than firsthand observations. The fortress was constructed using distinctively different masonry styles. The primary styles, Massive, Crusader, Ayyubic, and Mamluk, are characterized here. Some of these masonries carry earthquake footprints and findings show that the damage is correlated with the specific masonry rather than geographical or other constraints. The Massive masonry sustained the greatest damage. The Crusader masonry was damaged to a lesser extent and the Ayyubic and Mamluk were spared. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the fortress was hit by two powerful earthquakes, the one of A.D 749 and the one of A.D 1202. The earthquake of A.D 749 devastated the Massive masonry, prior to later constructions. As this masonry has Hellenistic characteristics, it is suggested that the fortress was founded by the Greco-Syrians.

show abstract

Differential earthquake footprints on the masonry styles at Qal’at al-Subayba (Nimrod fortress) support the theory of its ancient origin

Margalit

2018

Herit Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Admiral of Saladin: Husam Ad-Din Lu’lu

KARAKUŞ

2022

UMDE Dini Tetkikler Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The great personalities of history have also achieved success with the talented administrators, commanders and scientists around them and immortalized their names. Saladdin Ayyubi, who gained a rightful reputation in the East and West as one of the greatest leaders of the Middle Ages by taking back Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187, is one of these leaders. It is necessary to look for the successes of Saladin, who realized his victories and important works with his astute and loyal men around him. Along with Jewish and Christian physicians, his converting commanders contributed greatly to his success. Hüsam ad-Din Lü'lü, who is of Armenian origin, is one of them. This talented admiral, who was Saladin's eyes and ears on the seas, was one of the actors of the Crusaders' failure to capture this place for a long time, with the vital supplies and materials he brought to the city during the defense of Akkâ, which was very important for Saladin. The admiral of Saladin, who also did very important works for the social life of Egypt, made a name for himself with his generosity and the social facilities he had built, and succeeded in becoming one of the unforgettable. One of his greatest achievements was to punish the Crusaders who threatened Mecca and Madina with the portable ships they built by landing in the Red Sea when Saladin was not in Egypt and ensuring the safety of the holy places.

show abstract

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

customersupport@researchsolutions.com

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Muslim Fortresses in the Levant

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Differential earthquake footprints on the masonry styles at Qal’at al-Subayba (Nimrod fortress) support the theory of its ancient origin

Differential earthquake footprints on the masonry styles at Qal’at al-Subayba (Nimrod fortress) support the theory of its ancient origin

Admiral of Saladin: Husam Ad-Din Lu’lu

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About