Muslims, Schooling and Security

Miah, Shamim

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52335-4

Cited by 63 publications

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“…Despite different histories of nation-building and non-European migration as well as the different demographics of those assumed to be Muslim or who identify as Muslim, one can see a similar racializing of the internal enemy as 'the Muslim' from the UK (Kundnani, 2009) and France (Mondon & Winter, 2017) to Belgium and the Netherlands (Fadil et al, 2019) and on to Denmark (Anderson & Moe, 2015) and Sweden (Hörnqvist & Flyghed, 2012). Scholars have also criticized, particularly in the UK, how the appeal to safeguarding has resulted in state co-optation of social policy for targeting the 'at-risk' through the increasing securitization of education (Miah, 2017), public health (Heath-Kelly, 2016), and social services (Ragazzi, 2017). More recently, others have pointed out to some aspects of the geographical focus and the global spread of radicalization prevention (Heath-Kelly, 2017; Kundnani & Hayes, 2018).…”

Section: Radicalization and Its 'Breeding Grounds'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing radicalization in European cities: An urban geopolitical question

Saberi

2019

Political Geography

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With the intensification of attacks in European cities since 2014, preventing radicalization has become the main security strategy for fighting 'terrorism' in Europe and beyond. While the concern with radicalization in security policy was due to a realization that European cities are not just the target of but also increasingly the 'breeding ground' of terrorism, less attention has been paid to how radicalization prevention has changed the relations between European cities and war. Debates in critical security studies have remained a-spatial for the most part, focused on either the national or international scales, while the question of radicalization has not yet become a topic of scrutiny in the literature on urban geopolitics. Addressing this lacuna, I engage with the policy debates at the EU, urban, and regional levels as well as the role of the European Forum for Urban Security that eventually led to the first EU Mayors' conference on terrorism and radicalization in Brussels in March 2018. The core observation here is that, rather than another form of national security, radicalization prevention is an extension of counterinsurgency in European cities. This extension of the liberal way of war inside Europe is also accompanied by an increasing focus on urban geopolitics of danger, one that is the relational outcome of the assumed ungovernability of the Other at the urban and international scales and which blurs spaces of liberal peace and war. These developments point to the gradual incorporation of radicalization prevention into the processes of urban governance. INTRODUCTIONOn March 8, 2018, the European Commission (EC) and the Committee of Regions (CR) jointly held the first European Union (EU) Mayors' conference on terrorism behind closed doors in Brussels. 1 The conference, Building Urban Defences Against Terrorism, marked the first convergence of multi-scalar networks of European politicians, policymakers, and urban experts discussing radicalization prevention at the EU level. European mayors 2 and the EU parliamentary members 3 came together with members of two major EU think tanks, the Radicalization Awareness Network (RAN) and the European Forum for Urban Security (Efus), to examine four topics: "the role of cities in the fight against terrorism", "lessons learned from recent attacks", "security by design", and "cities against radicalization" (EC & CR, 2018).The Brussels conference marked the European Commission's (2018b, p. 2) official commitment to 1 Only the opening and closing remarks were broadcasted for journalists.

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Section: Radicalization and Its 'Breeding Grounds'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing radicalization in European cities: An urban geopolitical question

Saberi

2019

Political Geography

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“…By acknowledging the particular ontological and epistemological implications of the culture concept we can properly understand how the term appears in contemporary debates about Islam and in Muslims' responses to it. Let me return here to Tylor's culture concept, in which lies ingrained not merely a more socially defined humanist framework, but also a dual understanding of happened, incidentally, at the height of the "Trojan Horse" affair in Birmingham, which revolved around a supposed Islamist plot to take over Muslim schools in Birmingham (see Miah 2017). The connection between an anti-music stance and Islamist infiltration thus was directly made.…”

Section: U Lt U R a L I S M A N D T H E N E W E U R O P Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a video meant to showcase British Muslim normalcy became yet another occasion to situate Muslims in opposition to one another, on one side those who accept freedom of expression (“second and third generation British Muslims”) and on the other, those who conform excessively to “prescribed rules,” who also seem to be implicitly excluded from Britishness. In a climate where extremism has been articulated in relation to fundamental British values such as individual liberty (Miah 2017), considering such a video haram might even become an extremist position 36…”

Section: “Islam Is Also Culture” or The Crafting Of An “Authentic” Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 36 It was hence not surprising when Majeed Navaaz, co-founder of the controversial Quilliam Foundation, a think tank that focuses on counter-terrorism, tweeted an image of a poster supposedly taken from a British Muslim school that explains the evils of music (Nguyen, 2014). This tweet happened, incidentally, at the height of the “Trojan Horse” affair in Birmingham, which revolved around a supposed Islamist plot to take over Muslim schools in Birmingham (see Miah 2017). The connection between an anti-music stance and Islamist infiltration thus was directly made.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Islam and Culture: Dis/junctures in a Modern Conceptual Terrain

Jouili

2018

Comp Stud Soc Hist

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Over the last decades, Europe debates on Islam have been framed increasingly through the lens of cultural difference. In this discursive climate, culture constitutes a crucial terrain of investment for European Muslims in their struggle for inclusion and recognition. Based on two different ethnographic research projects among European Muslims, this essay examines two distinct types of culture discourses. One employs an Islam-versus-culture trope that serves to disconnect Islam from certain patriarchal practices perceived to exist within Muslim communities. The other discourse defends the intrinsic and symbiotic link between Islam and culture, especially in order to elevate the place of artistic practices within Muslim communities. To make sense of these seeming contradictions, I explore the multivalent meanings contained in my interlocutors’ uses of the culture concept by tracing the respective genealogies of these meanings. This includes an investigation of culture's conceptual histories, formulated successively by Enlightenment thinkers, Romanticists, and early anthropologists, as well as by Islamic reformers and their more recent successors. My investigation into these conceptual histories exposes broader concerns about individual freedom and agency on the part of cultural theorists, which have furthermore enabled various claims about modernity and backwardness. While European Muslims creatively integrate various articulations of the culture concept into their world-making projects, I argue that the ontological assumptions underpinning the culture concept continue to haunt and render precarious efforts to demonstrate Muslim belonging to Europe via culture.

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“…Within schools and colleges, Muslim students are increasingly being viewed through the lens of counterterrorism as a threat to the social order (Miah, 2017;Mac an Ghaill and Haywood, 2017;Shain , 2017). For Muslim girls this means that at the same time as being encouraged to be aspirational, to work hard and achieve academically, they are also constructed as Muslim girls, to be potentially risky and dangerous and in need of regulation and surveillance Meetoo and Mirza, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the unequal education space in post-9/11 England: British Muslim girls talk about their educational aspirations and future expectations

Shain

2020

Educational Philosophy and Theory

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This paper explores educational inequalities through an analysis of the educational aspirations and future expectations of British girls and young women who identify as Muslim.It draws on qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with teen girls (aged 13--19) and young women in their early 20s living in the north and south of England, the first generation to be considering their future options in the immediate aftermath of the Brexit referendum. The analysis reveals contradictions at the heart of the UK education system in that while girls are being encouraged to aim high, to be aspirational and successful, they are also tasked with accepting responsibility for the structural and racialised disadvantage that prevents many Muslim women from translating educational success into labour market advantage. The priority given to educational attainment within the current UK education system leaves little space to prepare young women to deal with the potential disadvantage they may face in the labour market. When it comes to the racialised disadvantage that Muslims and minorities face in a post--9/11 and post Brexit referendum climate, the research revealed gaps and silences which have the effect of responsibilising Muslims students for terrorist incidents when they occurred.

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Muslims, Schooling and Security

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Preventing radicalization in European cities: An urban geopolitical question

Preventing radicalization in European cities: An urban geopolitical question

Islam and Culture: Dis/junctures in a Modern Conceptual Terrain

Navigating the unequal education space in post-9/11 England: British Muslim girls talk about their educational aspirations and future expectations

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