Muslims’ View of God as a Predictor of Ethical Behaviour in Organisations: Scale Development and Validation

Abstract

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An analysis of business ethics in the cultural contexts of different religions

“…The Islamic religion involves a culture, a world view, and a lifestyle with direct impact on each and every aspect of the believer's life, both public and private, political and economic. Thus, its proposals are essential in corporate activities (Alshehri, Kauser, & Fotaki, 2019). It constitutes a legalistic faith which requires specific provisions of its believers, allowing a limited range of flexibility or adjustment to cultural conditions.…”

The Effects of Spirituality and Religiosity on the Ethical Judgment in Organizations

“…This definition has several advantages: it does not imply any specific judgment process; it permits ethical judgments to vary by degree; and it is consistent with other variables, including ethical perceptions, attitudes and beliefs that are arguably indistinguishable from ethical judgments (Sparks and Pan 2010). To measure Muslims' views of Allah, we utilize the Scale of Muslim's Views of Allah (SMVA), which is designed to measure differences in spiritual and religious beliefs (for details, see Alshehri et al 2017).…”

“…We argue that the ISBM model captures the most commonly held views internalized by Muslims, helping to explain how Islamic adherents may prioritize different religious values when dealing with ethical dilemmas. The model posits that Muslims' spiritual relationships with God shape their individual perceptions of God through three fundamental emotions: punishing (FV); forgiving (HV); and balancing love and veneration, i.e., the two aspects of awe and yearning (BV) (see Alshehri et al 2017).…”

“…The inextricable interweaving of affective, intellectual and behavioral aspects of these two notions is also noted by scholars of Islamic ethics (Al-Ghazali 1991;Chittick 2001;Ohlander 2005;Al-Makkı 2010;Al-Naraqi 1988;Qusheirī 2009). Moreover, an equilibrium between hope and fear is recommended if one is to achieve true inner faith, which may promote optimal growth in RP and RK, and ultimately ethical behavior (Al-Ghazali 1991; Alshehri et al 2017). An excess of either may impair one's spiritual development and lead to unethical behavior (Al-Ghazali 1991;Bahmani et al 2018).…”

Spirituality, Symbolism and Storytelling in Twentyfirst-Century Organizations: Understanding and addressing the crisis of imagination

“…Other aspects implicit to research in this domain may further impede the advancement of our knowledge. Enquiring about one’s beliefs may be sensitive and, understandably, subjects may be reluctant to reveal information they perceive as private and possibly discriminatory (Alshehri, Kauser, & Fotaki, 2017). Therefore, research into this area is likely to create social desirability biases and self-deceptions that may result in unreliable findings (Jones & Elliott, 2017).…”