Mussel Byssus‐Like Reversible Metal‐Chelated Supramolecular Complex Used for Dynamic Cellular Surface Engineering and Imaging

Abstract

Inspired by the load‐bearing biostructures in nature, a multifunctional shell for encapsulating cell using the polyphenol–metal complexes is fabricated. The artificial shell is formed by cross‐linking of tannic acid and iron ion on cell surface. It can protect cells from unfriendly environments, including UV light irradiation and reactive oxygen damage. With the hybrid property of polyphenol and metal liands, the shell provides a versatile platform for cell surface engineering. The magnetic nanoparticles, DNA molecules, as well as the magnetic resonance imaging agents are easily incorporated into the shell. More interestingly, unlike the traditional passive coatings, here the shell can be controllably disassembled under external stimuli. The dynamic coating is used as a reversible element to regulate cell division and surface modification. The cell viability and protein expression experiments further confirm that the shell formation and degradation processes are biocompatible. This multifunctional coating strategy is applicable to multiple living cell types, including yeast cells, Escherichia coli bacteria, and mammalian cells. Therefore, this platform would be useful for living cell based fundamental research and biological applications.

Therapeutic Potential of Biomineralization‐Based Engineering

“…[104] The cytoprotection and storage of mammalian cells has always been an important prerequisite for various cell-based applications because in vitro manipulation such as centrifugation, malnutrition, and temperature may lead to undesired cell death or differentiation. [104] The cytoprotection and storage of mammalian cells has always been an important prerequisite for various cell-based applications because in vitro manipulation such as centrifugation, malnutrition, and temperature may lead to undesired cell death or differentiation.…”

“…Although some mammalian cells have shown therapeutic potential in cell therapy, cell-based sensors, and regenerative medicine, they are sensitive to chemical treatments because of their phospholipid bilayer membranes compared to the cell walls of microbial cells. [104] The cytoprotection and storage of mammalian cells has always been an important prerequisite for various cell-based applications because in vitro manipulation such as centrifugation, malnutrition, and temperature may lead to undesired cell death or differentiation. [71] Inspired by egg shells and silica exoskeletal shells, cytoprotective mineralization was investigated to construct extra protection of cells against the harmful environment.…”

Highly effective photothermal chemotherapy with pH-responsive polymer-coated drug-loaded melanin-like nanoparticles

“…5 PDA-based materials were biomedically applied to biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, theranostics, and cancer photothermal treatment. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Many materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide (GO) sheets, gold nanorods, and conjugated polymeric nanomaterials all exhibit considerable photothermal conversion effects. [13][14][15][16][17] However, carbon nanotubes and GO sheets have low degradability in vivo, whereas gold nanorods face the drawbacks of toxicity and high cost.…”

Manganese Dioxide Nanozymes as Responsive Cytoprotective Shells for Individual Living Cell Encapsulation

“…Owing to the preservation of cell viability and functionality in harsh environments,the single cell encapsulation technique has exhibited its potential in am ultiplicity of fields,s uch as biocatalysis,cell-based sensors,and therapy. [1][2][3][4] Va rious coating shells including silica (SiO 2 ), [5,6] calcium phosphates (CaP), [7] polymers, [8][9][10] as well as metal coordination complexes [11,12] have been widely exploited to shield cells from hostile stressors and external environments.D espite the potential advantages of above protective coatings,t he practical utilization of these shells in real systems still remains problematic.F irstly,t hese coatings usually provide limited protection against molecular toxic chemicals,s uch as H 2 O 2 , owing to their intrinsic inertness and permeability.A fter rapidly equilibrating across the shells,t oxic chemicals can ultimately induce the death of cells. [13][14][15] Secondly,t hese coating shells can only be decomposed by treatment with some harmful compounds,including HCl and EDTA, indicating the further impossibility of non-invasive control of cell functions and single cell based biology.…”