In the Simultaneous Saccharification
and Fermentation (SSF) of
natural polymers, in addition to regulating the intracellular enzymes
for metabolizing the nutrients, the excretion and synthesis of extracellular
depolymerases for the breakdown of the polymeric substrates must be
regulated by the microbes accordingly. Through a case study of the
growth of a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of excreting both α-amylase and glucoamylase on starch,
we demonstrated that the interlinked population balance and cybernetic
modeling framework developed previously, could be used to abstract
and rationalize the response of the yeast in regulating these depolymerases.
Our model, calibrated using the data from the literature (Ülgen
et al., Process Biochem. 2002, 37, 1157–1168), showed that both α-amylase
and glucoamylase are needed for efficient SSF. Specifically, by cleverly
regulating the excretion of both depolymerases, yeast growth is relatively
unaffected by different starches, a subtle point which could not have
been elicited by existing methods.