Mutagenic activity of cyclohexene and products of its chlorination

Сычева, Л. П.; Жолдакова, З. И.; Polyakova, E. E.; Lukmanova, N. E.; Akhaltseva, Lyudmila V.; Vs, Zhurkov

doi:10.1007/bf02434883

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…However, similar to the genotoxic potential of by-product in drinking water (Sycheva et al 2000;Maki-Paakkanen, Komulainen, Kronberg, 2004;Sujbert et al 2006), there appears to be a reluctance to utilize this information for extrapolation to potential human health effects. In most instances, the ambient concentration of the compounds producing this activity is below that which is readily detectable by these tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin, China

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2008

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Despite increasing pressure to make more efficient use of water resources, the widespread use of reclaimed water still remains a contentious issue, primarily because of risks to human health arising from water pollution by organic compounds. Therefore, safety evaluation of reclaimed water is an urgent need. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxic potential of reclaimed water during low and high water periods. Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of organic compounds from water samples. The tests, namely, Ames, micronucleus and chromosome aberrations were used to determine the damage caused by water samples on genetic material. Ames tests showed that both influent and effluent reclaimed water, except influent after metabolism by S9 in high water period, induced mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in a concentration-response manner. There were no significant differences in micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. Even after treatment, reclaimed water in Tianjin still showed mutational effects and new strategies for reduction of genotoxins need to be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin, China

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2008

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Alicyclic Hydrocarbons

Jia,

Kraft

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Alicyclic hydrocarbons are ring structures comprised of three or more carbon molecules. Saturated molecules, those containing only single bonds, include cycloalkanes, also called cycloparaffins, cyclanes, and naphthenes. Unsaturated molecules, those containing one or more double bonds, include cycloalkenes, also called cycloolefins and cyclenes. Derivatives formed by alkyl or alkenyl substitution are widely known. Some compounds are isolated from crude petroleum refinery distillates or catalytically cracked petroleum products and used to produce reformed aromatics, as solvents or as synthesis intermediates. Naturally occurring derivatives found in plants are commonly called terpenes. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases with anesthetic properties. Cyclopentane and higher members are liquids with low acute and chronic toxicity overall but may induce effects characteristic of lipophilic compounds, such as dose‐dependent central nervous system (CNS) depression, dizziness, and headache. Effects resolve readily when exposure stops. Following ingestion or inhalation, cycloalkanes are exhaled in unchanged form or rapidly metabolized into water‐soluble metabolites, usually glucuronides. Oral administration of high doses to animals resulted in severe diarrhea, vascular collapse, and heart, lung, liver, and brain degeneration. Some compounds cause ocular and/or dermal irritation, and skin defatting (dry skin). Some larger compounds are skin sensitizers, an effect increased with the number of double bonds present. Liquid members with low viscosity are aspiration hazards. Multiple compounds are associated with α 2 ‐u‐globulin‐induced nephrotoxicity in various strains of male rats, effects not considered biologically relevant in other species including human.

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Alicyclic Hydrocarbons

Baxter¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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The alicyclic hydrocarbons include the cycloalkanes, also called cycloparaffins , cyclanes , and naphthenes , and the cycloalkenes, also known as cycloolefins and cyclenes , and their alkyl and alkenyl derivatives. Some of these derivatives occur naturally in plants and are commonly known as terpenes . Other compounds can be isolated from crude petroleum refinery distillates or catalytically cracked petroleum products. Cycloalkanes are extensively used to produce reformed aromatics and as solvents or synthesis intermediates. Some physical properties of the cycloalkanes are given. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases and have been used as anesthetics. Cyclopentane and higher members are liquids with low acute and chronic toxicity overall, but still able to induce many toxic responses characteristic of lipophilic compounds, including central nervous system (CNS) depression, dizziness, and headache. For cyclohexane and higher analogs, the margin of safety between CNS depression and death is very narrow and symptomatically barely recognizable. Following ingestion or inhalation, cycloalkanes are exhaled in unchanged form or rapidly metabolized into water‐soluble metabolites, usually glucuronides. Exposure of humans and laboratory animals to high concentrations may cause excitement, loss of equilibrium, stupor, and coma, but rarely death. Oral administration of high doses to animals has additionally resulted in severe diarrhea, vascular collapse, and heart, lung, liver, and brain degeneration. Cycloparaffins and cycloalkenes are also ocular and dermal irritants since, as lipophilic agents, they defat the skin. In many cases, they are also skin sensitizers; their sensitizing activity increases with the number of double bonds. The liquid members up to cyclooctane, and to a lesser extent cyclododecane, are aspiration hazards. The cyclic olefins are more highly reactive than their paraffin counterparts. They contribute to photochemical smog by reacting with ozone and other small molecular or ionic species. Selected physical properties are given. In C 4 –C 7 cycloalkenes, toxicity increases with molecular weight. Cycladienes and polyenes appear to possess increasingly irritant, toxic, and sensitizing properties, peaking somewhat higher for cycladienes than for monocyclic alkenes. The aspiration hazard also appears higher for the cycloalkenes than the cycloalkanes.

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Mutagenic activity of cyclohexene and products of its chlorination

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin, China

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin, China

Alicyclic Hydrocarbons

Alicyclic Hydrocarbons

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