Mutagenicity, dioxin-like activity and bioaccumulation of alkylated picene and chrysene derivatives in a German lignite

Meyer, Wiebke; Seiler, Thomas‐Benjamin; Christ, Andreas; Redelstein, Regine; Püttmann, Wilhelm; Hollert, Henner; Achten, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.103

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…PAHs and therefore represents a valuable alternative to APCI and APPI [60,61]. In addition a parallel ionization of sample components with APCI together with APLI was realized for non-aromatic medium polar (APCI) together with aromatic (APLI) compounds, which increase the application of APLI [62][63][64].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (GC-API-MS): Review

Gan

Bronja

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

138

101

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (GC-API-MS): Review

Gan

Bronja

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

138

101

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“…They are ubiquitously present in the environment and are often more toxic than the parental PAHs [20,21]. Alkylated PAHs have been found in the toxic fractions in several Effect Directed Analysis (EDA) studies [22][23][24][25]. 5-methylchrysene, 1-methylpyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, as confirmed toxic compounds, are being included more and more in standard PAH analyses [26,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography

Skoczynska

Boer

2019

Separations

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The gas chromatographic retention behaviour of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs on a new ionic liquid stationary phase, 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium) dodecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (SLB ® -ILPAH) intended for the separation of PAH mixtures, was compared with the elution pattern on more traditional stationary phases: a non-polar phenyl arylene (DB-5ms) and a semi-polar 50% phenyl dimethyl siloxane (SLB PAHms) column. All columns were tested by injections of working solutions containing 20 parental PAHs from molecular weight of 128 to 278 g/mol and 48 alkylated PAHs from molecular weight of 142 to 280 g/mol on a one dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The SLB PAHms column allowed separation of most isomers. The SLB ® -ILPAH column showed a rather different retention pattern compared to the other two columns and, therefore, provided a potential for use in comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC). The ionic liquid column and the 50% phenyl column showed good thermal stability with a low bleed profile, even lower than that of the phenyl arylene "low bleed" column.In non-occupational settings, food is the main source of human exposure to PAHs, followed by cigarette smoke, which in some cases may result in PAH exposure on par with the food uptake route [4,5]. Other important exposure routes include traffic related air pollution and all kinds of occupational exposures. Nonetheless, the new possible exposure pathways are still being identified: e.g. synthetic turf materials used on football fields [6].The analysis of PAHs is generally based on gas chromatography (GC) rather than on liquid chromatography (LC) because GC allows greater selectivity, resolution and sensitivity than LC [7,8]. The GC systems are commonly coupled with flame ionisation detectors (FID) or mass-spectrometric detectors (MS). The GC analysis was conventionally based on non-polar stationary phases operated at relatively high temperatures [8,9]. The 5% phenyl methylpolysiloxane phase (like in the DB-5 column) is still the most often applied one in PAHs analysis and it has also been recommended in a number of US-EPA methods, e.g. US EPA method 610 [10]. Since the 1990s, high phenyl content stationary phases have been more frequently used, e.g. described by the producers as "50% phenyl methylpolysiloxane-like" DB-17MS [8,11], Rxi-PAH [12] or SLB PAHms [13].Some years ago, a new group of stationary phases, based on non-bonded ionic liquids (IL) was introduced [14,15]. Based on non-molecular solvents with low melting points, these stationary phases consist of organic cations plus inorganic or organic anions [16] and, therefore, the IL columns enable chromatographic separation based on a selectivity different to that provided by conventional stationary phases. Some IL columns can exhibit "dual nature" features; they allow separation of non-polar molecules as non-polar stationary phases do, while at the same time they have a high affinity for polar molecules like polyethylene glycol (wax)...

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Ultra-high sensitive PAH analysis of certified reference materials and environmental samples by GC-APLI-MS

2017

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Due to several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) being highly carcinogenic and at the same time occurring at very low environmental concentrations up to the microgram per kilogram range, highly sensitive chemical analysis in various matrices is needed. Here, for the first time, a method using gas chromatography (GC) and atmospheric pressure laser ionization-mass spectrometry (APLI-MS), which is much more sensitive compared to common GC-MS, proved to produce reliable (certified reference materials) and comparable (GC-MS) results. PAHs and selected isomers of alkyl-PAHs were targeted, whereby 53 analytes could be quantified individually; for one pair, the sum had to be calculated. In combination with the selective and sensitive (1+1)-REMPI process of the APLI, limits of detection (LODs) between 5 and 50 fg/μL could be obtained. To prove the reliability of this method, four certified reference materials (SRM1649b urban dust, SRM 1941b organics in marine sediment, BCR 535 fresh water harbor sediment, and ERM CC013a contaminated soil from a former gas plant site) were analyzed. The results were in good accordance with the certified values. In addition, analytical results of three different environmental matrices (bituminous coal, suspended particulate matter from river and pine needles) were compared to values obtained with well-established GC-EI-MS. The results show that this method presents an excellent tool ready-to-use for the analysis of environmental samples with very low PAH content or very low sample amount.

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Mutagenicity, dioxin-like activity and bioaccumulation of alkylated picene and chrysene derivatives in a German lignite

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (GC-API-MS): Review

Gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (GC-API-MS): Review

Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography

Ultra-high sensitive PAH analysis of certified reference materials and environmental samples by GC-APLI-MS

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