Mutagenicity of Crude Senna and Senna Glycosides in Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

The mutagenicity of senna glycosides and extracts of senna folium and senna fructus was investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Senna glycosides were inactive in all strains, except for a slight, but significant increase in mutant frequency in TA102 in the absence and presence of liver microsomes. Extracts of senna fructus and senna folium demonstrated weak activity in TA97a, TA100 and TA102 in the presence of liver microsomes, and in TA97a and TA102 in the absence of liver microsomes. A strong increase in mutant frequency (3- to 5-fold above background frequency) was observed with all extracts in TA98 in the presence of liver microsomes. This activity increased further following enzymatic hydrolysis with hesperidinase of extracts of senna fructus from one source, and could be correlated to the release of the flavonol aglycones kaempferol and quercetin. The weak or lacking activity of anthraquinone aglycones in the tested strains of Salmonella typhimurium indicates that mutagenicity can not be attributed solely to the anthraquinone content of these plant materials. The chemical nature of other mutagenic components has not been elucidated.

Effects of the toluene and methanol extract of Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl) on viability and proliferation HeLa cells

“…The strongest laxative sennosides A and B, shows the lowest toxicity, while fraction that contains rhein 8-glycoside with a minimum efficiency laxative, has increased toxicity [12,13]. Emodin and aloe-emodin showed toxic effects on Salmonella typhimurium, on hepatocytes and fibroblasts from mouse [14]. In other studies, such an effect has not been confirmed.…”

Analytics of Senna Drugs with Regard to the Toxicologicai Discussion of Anthranoids

“…The HAs have been the subject of thorough toxicological investigation [3][4][5]. In contrast to the main component of senna anthranoids, rhein, which can certainly be regarded as safe, two minor components, aloe-emodin and emodin have been reported as giving some positive genotoxic results in a battery of in vitro genotoxicity experiments.…”

Mutagenicidade e estrogenicidade de plantas da família Eriocaulaceae e relação estrutura-atividade de algumas substâncias isoladas

“…The flavonoid (4) possesses a sugar at position 3 on C the ring and its mutagenicity was considered negative in the absence of metabolization. With S9 metabolization, probably this sugar was also removed and the hydroxyl group restored, favoring the appearance of the mutagenicity (17,19).…”

“…A structure-activity relationship of certain flavonoids, which exhibit positive mutagenicity in the S. typhimurium reversion assay, was identified in some earlier studies (16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

“…The establishment of the structure-activity relationship of certain flavonoids and naphthopyranones, in the S. typhimurium reversion assay, has made a great contribution to the improved understanding of the possible effects and mechanisms of action of those compounds and is very useful in making comparisons between similar compounds obtained from different species of plant (8)(9)(10)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) The aim of this report was to determine the mutagenic effect of enriched fractions and substances isolated from E. ligulatum (Vell.) L.B.…”