Mutagenicity of Flavonoids Assayed by Bacterial Reverse Mutation (Ames) Test

Abstract

Abstract:The mutagenicity of ten flavonoids was assayed by the Ames test, in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA102, with the aim of establishing hydroxylation pattern-mutagenicity relationship profiles. The compounds assessed were: quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, fisetin, chrysin, galangin, flavone, 3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone and 7-hydroxyflavone. In the Ames assay, quercetin acted directly and its mutagenicity increased with metabolic activation. In the presence of S9 mix, kaempferol and galangin were mutagenic in the TA98 strain and kaempferol showed signs of mutagenicity in the other strains. The absence of hydroxyl groups, as in flavone, only signs of mutagenicity were shown in strain TA102, after metabolization and, among monohydroxylated flavones (3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone and 7-hydroxyflavone), the presence of hydroxyl groups only resulted in minor changes. Luteolin and fisetin also showed signs of mutagenicity in strain TA102. Finally, chrysin, which has only two hydroxy groups, at the 5-OH and 7-OH positions, also did not induce mutagenic activity in any of the bacterial strains used, under either activation condition. All the flavonoids were tested at concentrations varying from 2.6 to 30.7 nmol/plate for galangin and 12.1 to 225.0 nmol/plate for other flavonoids. In light of the above, it is necessary to clarify the conditions and the mechanisms that mediate the biological effects of flavonoids before treating them as therapeutical OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2012, 17 5256 agents, since some compounds can be biotransformed into more genotoxic products; as is the case for galangin, kaempferol and quercetin.

Treatment of Thyponium Flageliforme in Combination with Curcuma Zedoaria, and Phyllanthus Niruri Synergistically Enhances Apoptotic and Anti-Proliferative Effect on Breast Cancer

“…Eventhough, the tumor volume reduction in TCP-85 and TCP-125 was no significant difference, however this result is remain inconsistence, since the major constituent of TCP is flavonoids. There are various evidences that the proapoptosis effect of flavonoids on tumor cell was in the dose-effect dependent manner 19,20 . Moreover, in the view point of molecular biology this incosistence result possibly associated with DNA unfragmentation and chromatin uncondensation of tumor cells.…”

Flavonoid Detection in Hydroethanolic Extract of Pouteria torta (Sapotaceae) Leaves by HPLC-DAD and the Determination of Its Mutagenic Activity

“…Other studies have demonstrated that natural products can represent serious risks to the DNA integrity of different organisms. 31,32 The methodology employed herein affirms that the extract of P. torta is mutagenic in vivo and in vitro in the absence of metabolic activation. The in vivo test would reflect the metabolism of the active constituents and the metabolization is more complex.…”

In vitro antifungal activity of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão against human vaginal Candida species

“…Our results showed that the antimicrobial activity was greater in the bark extracts than that in the leaf extracts. Plants that have flavonoids and tannins with antifungal activity may also exhibit toxicity (Resende et al 2012, Silva et al 2014). Therefore, antimicrobial activity studies must be accompanied by toxicology studies.…”