Mutagenicity testing of quinine with submammalian and mammalian systems

Münzner, Ruth; Renner, H.W.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(83)90068-9

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…(h): No conclusion can be drawn due to lack of information on the purity of the material of commerce. (b,c) 2) Positive (c) (King et al, 1979) The validity of this study is considered to be limited as the methods and data are not sufficiently documented (no raw data, no means with SD and no historical control data (Münzner and Renner, 1983) Evidence of toxicity was observed at concentrations above 1000 µg/plate, which was deminished in the presence of S9-mix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Quinine dihydrochloride induced dose-dependent increases of SCEs in bone marrow of C3H and C57Bl mice treated by gavage with doses of 55, 75 or 110 mg/kg bw (Münzner and Renner, 1983). The frequencies of SCEs were statistically significantly increased at the high dose in C3H mice and at medium and high doses in C57B1 mice compared with control mice, respectively.…”

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Quinine hydrochloride was tested in two separate assays (in a plate incorporation and a pre-incubation test) with S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, with and without S9mix (Münzner and Renner, 1983). The test material was purchased from Merck (purity not specified).…”

Section: Quinine Hydrochloride [Fl-no: 14011]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Panel considered this report to be of limited validity since it is not fully in compliance with OECD guidelines (not all strains as recommended). (Münzner and Renner, 1983) The data were poorly reported and the study is considered of limited validity (only one dose and one time point was investigated (Münzner and Renner, 1983) The data were poorly reported and the study is considered of limited validity (the PCE/NCE ratio was not reported and thus, it is not clear if the test substance reached the bone marrow of NMRI mice and hamsters).…”

Section: Micronucleus Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Panel considered that the methods and data are not sufficiently documented (no raw data, no means with SD and no historical control data) and, accordingly, the validity of this study is considered to be limited. Quinine hydrochloride was tested in two separate assays (in a plate incorporation and a pre-incubation test) with S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, with and without S9mix (Münzner and Renner, 1983). The test material was purchased from Merck (purity not specified).…”

Section: 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1 (FGE.35Rev1): Three quinine salts from the Priority list from chemical group 30

Flavourings¹

2015

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to evaluate three flavouring substances in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1, using the Procedure in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. The present revision includes new specification data on quinine sulphate [FL‐no: 14.152] and quinine monohydrochloride dihydrate [FL‐no: 14.155], new intake data on all three candidate substances and toxicological and genotoxicity data on quinine hydrochloride [FL‐no: 14.011] and quinine monohydrochloride dihydrate [FL‐no: 14.155], as well as two structurally related quinine salts (quinine dihydrochloride and deoxyquinine). A search in open literature has been made and the relevant data are presented. This evaluation concerns only the use of these quinine salts in beverages, where they are legally permitted. Because of the availability of well conducted human studies at much higher quinine exposures than those occurring when quinine is used as flavouring substance and which were considered in this FGE.35Rev1, the Panel considered the use of the Procedure for these substances inappropriate. However, based on human data available on quinine, the Panel concluded that the quinine salts are not expected to be of safety concern at their estimated level of intake as flavouring substances, provided that hypersensitivity reactions are avoided by the legally required labelling of quinine‐containing beverages. The Panel noted that a very high intake (e.g. more than 1 litre) of non‐alcoholic beverages containing quinine or its salts at the maximum permitted level could result in adverse health effects in humans. Besides the safety assessment of these three flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have also been considered. Adequate specifications, including complete purity criteria and identity, have been provided for all three candidate substances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Quinine Hydrochloride [Fl-no: 14011]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micronucleus Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1 (FGE.35Rev1): Three quinine salts from the Priority list from chemical group 30

Flavourings¹

2015

EFS2

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Quinine Hydrochloride 130‐89‐2

2004

Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials

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Bone marrow micronucleus assay: A review of the mouse stocks used and their published mean spontaneous micronucleus frequencies

Salamone

Mavournin

1994

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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We have examined published negative control data from 581 papers on micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (mnPCE) for differences in mean frequency and the frequency distribution profile among the mouse stocks used with the bone marrow micronucleus assay. For the 55 mouse stocks with published micronucleus assay data, the overall mean frequency is 1.95 mnPCE/1,000 PCE (1.95 mnPCE/1,000); for the 13 stocks most commonly used in the assay, it is 1.88 mnPCE/1,000. During the last 5 years, the mnPCE rate for these 13 major stocks has been 1.74 mnPCE/1,000. This current mean frequency is a substantial decrease from the mean of 3.07 mnPCE/1,000 observed for these 13 stocks for data published prior to 1981. Of the major stocks, the highest mean mnPCE negative control frequencies were observed for MS/Ae > BALB/c > C57Bl/6, and the lowest for CD-1 < Swiss Webster. We note that hybrid mouse stocks appear to have lower and less variable negative control frequencies than either of their parent strains and that the negative control frequency for some progeny stocks have diverged significantly from that of the parent stocks. Overall mean negative control frequencies appear to be correlated with breadth of the frequency distribution profile of published mean negative control values. Furthermore, a possible correlation between negative control frequency in the micronucleus assay and sensitivity to clastogens of different mouse strains may be indicated. The databases generated here allow us to define a range of norms for both the historical mean frequency and individual experimental mean frequencies for most stocks, but in particular, for the more commonly used mouse stocks. Our analysis, for the most part, bears out the recommendation of the first Gene-Tox Report on the micronucleus assay that the historical negative control frequency for a mouse stock should fall between 1 and 3 mnPCE/1,000. Eighty-six percent of the most commonly used mouse stocks have historical mean frequencies within this range. Though individual experimental mean values would not necessarily be expected to fall within the 1-3.00 mnPCE/1,000 range, 65.3% of the 2,327 published negative control values do, and 83.5% are < 3 mnPCE/1,000. The frequency with which an individual experimental mean value lies outside the 1.00 to 3.00 mnPCE/1,000 range differs among stocks and appears related to the mouse mean frequency. We suggest that the recommended range for historical mean frequency be extended slightly, to approximately 3.4 mnPCE/1,000, to accommodate some commonly used strains with overall mean negative control frequencies just above 3.00 mnPCE/1,000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Mutagenicity testing of quinine with submammalian and mammalian systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1 (FGE.35Rev1): Three quinine salts from the Priority list from chemical group 30

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1 (FGE.35Rev1): Three quinine salts from the Priority list from chemical group 30

Quinine Hydrochloride 130‐89‐2

Bone marrow micronucleus assay: A review of the mouse stocks used and their published mean spontaneous micronucleus frequencies

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