Mutan: A mixed linkage α-[(1,3)- and (1,6)]-d-glucan from Streptococcus mutans, that induces osteoclast differentiation and promotes alveolar bone loss

Kwon, Hyun-Jung; Kim, Jung Min; Han, Kook-Il; Jung, Eui‐Man; Kim, Yong Hyun; Patnaik, Bharat Bhusan; Yoon, Mi Sook; Chung, Sung Kyun; Kim, Wan Jong; Han, Man-Deuk

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.013

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this regard, the SCS of L. salivarius MG4265 can alleviate periodontal disease by inhibiting S. mutans growth and its exopolysaccharide production. Mutan isolated from S. mutans directly induced differentiation of osteoclasts and accelerated alveolar bone loss in rats [ 59 ]. In addition, SCS of L. salivarius MG4265 have a positive effect on periodontal diseases through the modulation of osteoclastogenesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

et al. 2021

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Postbiotics are a promising functional ingredient that can overcome the limitations of viability and storage stability that challenge the production of probiotics. To evaluate the effects of postbiotics on oral health, eight spent culture supernatants (SCSs) of probiotics were prepared, and the effects of SCSs on Streptococcus mutans-induced cariogenic biofilm formation and the receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. SCS of Lactobacillus salivarius MG4265 reduced S. mutans-induced biofilm formation by 73% and significantly inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, which is a biomarker of mature osteoclasts in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The suppression of RANKL-induced activation of mitogen activated the protein kinases (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38) and nuclear factor κB pathways, as well as the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. The suppression of RANK-L-induced activation of mitogen also inhibited the expression of transcriptional factors (c-fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1) and, subsequently, osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP), cathepsin K, and matrix metalloproteinase-9).Therefore, SCS of L. salivarius MG4265 has great potential as a multifunctional oral health ingredient that inhibits biofilm formation and suppresses the alveolar bone loss that is associated with periodontitis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, S. mutans -derived exopolysaccharides, mostly glucans, provide binding sites that promote accumulation of other microorganisms on the tooth surface and further establishment of cariogenic biofilms. The potential of S. mutans to survive under environmental stresses, such as acid conditions, high temperature and osmotic pressure, are other major virulence factors of this microorganism ( Kawarai et al, 2016 ; Kwon et al, 2016 ; Liu & Yu, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ). Therefore, S. mutans should be a prime target for any therapeutic agent aimed at preventing dental caries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals against planktonic and sessileStreptococcus mutans

Ribeiro

Malheiro

Grenho

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundDental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide, encouraging the search for new and more effective antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals (eugenol, citronellol, sabinene hydrate, trans-cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamic acid) against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic and biofilm states as well as the cytotoxicity of these compounds.MethodsThe antibacterial activity of the selected compounds was evaluated by the determination of the minimal bactericidal concentration. The resazurin assay was used to assess the metabolic activity of sessile S. mutans. The cytotoxicity was determined using a fibroblast cell line.ResultsAmong the tested phytochemicals, citronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde were the most effective against both planktonic and sessile S. mutans, an effect apparently related to their hydrophobic character. Additionally, these three compounds did not compromise fibroblasts cell viability.DiscussionCitronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity proposing their potential as a novel group of therapeutic compounds to control oral infectious diseases. Moreover, their effects are particularly relevant when benchmarked against eugenol, a phytochemical commonly used for prosthodontic applications in dentistry.

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“…Since these lymphocyte precursors are responsible for producing both T cells and B cells, the reduced osteoblasts might lead to immunosuppression in our S. mutans- infected model by reducing the number of lymphocytes. Regarding the relationship between S. mutans and bone resorption, we did not observe any significant increase in bone resorption index, as shown in Figure 7D although it was reported that Mutan, a protein extract from S. mutans , induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted alveolar bone loss ( Kwon et al, 2016 ). Additional studies are necessary to clarify whether the S. mutans -induced immune response causes an increase of osteoclasts or S. mutans directly affect osteoclast differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Tetracycline, an Appropriate Reagent for Measuring Bone-Formation Activity in the Murine Model of the Streptococcus mutans-Induced Bone Loss

Hirohashi

Kamijo

Khan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Tetracycline is used as a fluorescent reagent to measure bone formation activity in bone histomorphometric analyses. However, there is a possibility to lead a different conclusion when it is used in a bacteria-infected murine model since the tetracycline is considered to work as an antibiotic reagent. There are non-antibiotic fluorescent reagents such as alizarin and calcein for measuring bone formation activity. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether tetracycline could be an appropriate reagent to measure bone formation activity in a murine bacterial model in the same way as a non-antibiotic fluorescent reagent. We used Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a normal inhabitant in the oral cavity and tetracycline-sensitive bacteria, for inducing the bacterial model. The murine bacterial model was generated by intravenously inoculating S. mutans to the tail vein, followed immediately by the injection of the first fluorescent reagent, and the second one was injected 2 days prior to euthanization. After one day of inoculation with S. mutans, the subcutaneously injected alizarin had a similar colony count derived from the liver and the bone marrow tissue compared to the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-injected control group. On the other hand, subcutaneous injection of tetracycline led to a significantly lower colony count from the liver compared to alizarin- or calcein-injected group. However, on day seven, after S. mutans intravenous injections, bone mineral density of distal femurs was significantly reduced by the bacteria inoculation regardless of which fluorescent reagents were injected subcutaneously. Finally, S. mutans inoculation reduced bone-formation-activity indices in both the tetracycline-alizarin double-injected mice and the calcein-alizarin double-injected mice. These results suggested that a one-time injection of tetracycline did not affect bone formation indices in the S. mutans-induced bone loss model. Tetracycline could be used for measuring bone formation activity in the same way as non-antibiotic fluorescent reagent such as calcein and alizarin, even in a tetracycline-sensitive bacterium-infected model.

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Mutan: A mixed linkage α-[(1,3)- and (1,6)]-d-glucan from Streptococcus mutans, that induces osteoclast differentiation and promotes alveolar bone loss

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals against planktonic and sessileStreptococcus mutans

Tetracycline, an Appropriate Reagent for Measuring Bone-Formation Activity in the Murine Model of the Streptococcus mutans-Induced Bone Loss

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