Mutant alleles of FAD2-1A and FAD2-1Bcombine to produce soybeans with the high oleic acid seed oil trait

Abstract

BackgroundThe alteration of fatty acid profiles in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to improve soybean oil quality is an important and evolving theme in soybean research to meet nutritional needs and industrial criteria in the modern market. Soybean oil with elevated oleic acid is desirable because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of the oil. Commodity soybean oil typically contains 20% oleic acid and the target for high oleic acid soybean oil is approximately 80% of the oil; previous conventional plant breeding research to raise the oleic acid level to just 50-60% of the oil was hindered by the genetic complexity and environmental instability of the trait. The objective of this work was to create the high oleic acid trait in soybeans by identifying and combining mutations in two delta-twelve fatty acid desaturase genes, FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B.ResultsThree polymorphisms found in the FAD2-1B alleles of two soybean lines resulted in missense mutations. For each of the two soybean lines, there was one unique amino acid change within a highly conserved region of the protein. The mutant FAD2-1B alleles were associated with an increase in oleic acid levels, although the FAD2-1B mutant alleles alone were not capable of producing a high oleic acid phenotype. When existing FAD2-1A mutations were combined with the novel mutant FAD2-1B alleles, a high oleic acid phenotype was recovered only for those lines which were homozygous for both of the mutant alleles.ConclusionsWe were able to produce conventional soybean lines with 80% oleic acid in the oil in two different ways, each requiring the contribution of only two genes. The high oleic acid soybean germplasm developed contained a desirable fatty acid profile, and it was stable in two production environments. The presumed causative sequence polymorphisms in the FAD2-1B alleles were developed into highly efficient molecular markers for tracking the mutant alleles. The resources described here for the creation of high oleic acid soybeans provide a framework to efficiently develop soybean varieties to meet changing market demands.

Source, Methods of Obtaining and Oxidative Stability of High-Oleic Fats

“…roztworu chemicznego lub promieniowania. Do mutacji należy wybierać takie odmiany, w których można skontrolować cechę wytwarzania kwasu oleinowego dzięki jednemu genowi bądź grupie genów dominujących [14,31,43]. Mutanty oraz ich krzyżówki wykazują wysoką odziedziczalność w zakresie zawartości kwasu oleinowego, w porównaniu z pozostałymi KT oraz stabilność środowi-skową.…”

“…Rośliny oleiste, które najczęściej są poddawane takim zabiegom to: słonecznik, rzepak, soja, orzechy ziemne, kukurydza i len [31]. Wszystkie wymienione rośliny są uprawiane na skalę przemysłową, a ich nasiona -przetwarzane [37].…”

“…W Europie najpowszechniejszy jest olej rzepakowy; w Polsce stanowi on 80 % spożywanych olejów [47]. Natomiast w Stanach Zjednoczonych najpopularniejszy jest olej sojowy, którego konsumpcja stanowi 70 % wszystkich olejów na rynku [31].…”

Biofuels Get in the Fast Lane: Developments in Plant Feedstock Production and Processing

“…Selection for breeding and genetic engineering approaches resulting in elevated oleic acid levels have been reported in many oilseed crops [96][97][98]. Conventional soybean lines with 80% oleic acid accompanied by a corresponding decrease in linoleic acid were obtained based on the contribution of only two genes (FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B) [99].…”

Agronomic Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of High‑Oleic Acid Cultivar Hosim

“…Different genetic backgrounds and genetic resources responsible for elevated oleic acid concentrations have been developed by several researchers (Wilson et al 1981;Rahman et al 1994;Burton et al 2006;Monteros et al 2008;Dierking and Bilyeu 2009;Hoshino et al 2010;Pham et al 2010;Pham et al 2011 groups independently reported that soybeans with ∼80% oleic acid could be developed by combining mutant alleles at the FAD2-1A locus (Glyma10g42470) with mutant alleles at the FAD2-1B locus (Glyma20g24530) (Hoshino et al 2010;Pham et al 2010;Pham et al 2011). In the recent past, several researchers have studied the effects of high-oleic acid traits, developed by combining mutant alleles at the FAD2-1A locus with mutant alleles at the FAD2-1B locus, on seed yield, and reported that the high-oleic acid phenotype has no negative effects on yield (Hoshino et al 2010;La et al 2014;Kim et al 2015).…”