Mutant Prolactin Receptor and Familial Hyperprolactinemia

Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly secreted by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland, and is involved in many biological processes including lactation and reproduction. Animal models have provided insights into the biology of prolactin proteins and offer compelling evidence that the different prolactin isoforms each have independent biological functions. The major isoform, 23 kDa prolactin, acts via its membrane receptor, the prolactin receptor (PRL-R), which is a member of the haematopoietic cytokine superfamily and for which the mechanism of activation has been deciphered. The 16 kDa prolactin isoform is a cleavage product derived from native prolactin, which has received particular attention as a result of its newly described inhibitory effects on angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. The discovery of multiple extrapituitary sites of prolactin secretion also increases the range of known functions of this hormone. This Review summarizes current knowledge of the biology of prolactin and its receptor, as well as its physiological and pathological roles. We focus on the role of prolactin in human pathophysiology, particularly the discovery of the mechanism underlying infertility associated with hyperprolactinaemia and the identification of the first mutation in human PRLR.

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New insights in prolactin: pathological implications

Bernard

et al. 2015

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Variant Prolactin Receptor in Agalactia and Hyperprolactinemia

et al. 2018

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Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach

Levine

Muneyyirci-Delale

2018

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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While prolactin is most well known for its role in lactation and suppression of reproduction, its physiological functions are quite diverse. There are many etiologies of hyperprolactinemia, including physiologic as well as pathologic causes. Physiologic causes include pregnancy, lactation, sleep-associated, nipple stimulation and sexual orgasm, chest wall stimulation, or trauma. Stress is also an important physiologic cause of hyperprolactinemia, and its clinical significance is still being explored. This review will provide an overview of prolactin physiology, the role of stress in prolactin secretion, as well as the general clinical approach to hyperprolactinemia.

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Mutant Prolactin Receptor and Familial Hyperprolactinemia

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

New insights in prolactin: pathological implications

New insights in prolactin: pathological implications

Variant Prolactin Receptor in Agalactia and Hyperprolactinemia

Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach

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