Mutational analysis of the gene start sequences of pneumonia virus of mice

Dibben, Oliver; Easton, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.06.009

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Two groups have reported success at generating a replicating form of recombinant PVM using a reverse genetics approach [19][20][21]. Using this system, Easton and colleagues [19,20] have explored the roles of the virus M2-1, M2-2, and P open reading frames of PVM strain 15 (Warwick) in supporting reporter gene activity in vitro and have evaluated the plasticity of the transcriptional start sites.…”

Section: Recombinant Pvmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this system, Easton and colleagues [19,20] have explored the roles of the virus M2-1, M2-2, and P open reading frames of PVM strain 15 (Warwick) in supporting reporter gene activity in vitro and have evaluated the plasticity of the transcriptional start sites. Buchholz and colleagues [21] determined that the full G (attachment) protein was crucial for replication of PVM strain 15 (ATCC) in vivo while the G protein cytoplasmic tail alone promoted weight loss.…”

Section: Recombinant Pvmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pneumonia virus of mice: severe respiratory infection in a natural host

Rosenberg

Domachowske

2008

Immunology Letters

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Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM; family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus) is a natural mouse pathogen that is closely related to the human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses. Among the prominent features of this infection, robust replication of PVM takes place in bronchial epithelial cells in response to a minimal virus inoculum. Virus replication in situ results in local production of proinflammatory cytokines (MIP-1α, MIP-2, MCP-1 and IFNγ) and granulocyte recruitment to the lung. If left unchecked, PVM infection and the ensuing inflammatory response ultimately lead to pulmonary edema, respiratory compromise and death. In this review, we consider the recent studies using the PVM model that have provided important insights into the role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory virus infection. We also highlight several works that have elucidated acquired immune responses to this pathogen, including T cell responses and the development of humoral immunity. Finally, we consider several immunomodulatory strategies that have been used successfully to reduce morbidity and mortality when administered to PVM infected, symptomatic mice, and thus hold promise as realistic therapeutic strategies for severe respiratory virus infections in human subjects.

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Section: Recombinant Pvmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recombinant Pvmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia virus of mice: severe respiratory infection in a natural host

Rosenberg

Domachowske

2008

Immunology Letters

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“…NC_006579 bp 1 to 42), the PVM N gene start (bp 1036 to 1044 [32]), the PVM N noncoding region (bp 1045 to 1066) with flanking NotI and BamHI sites, the PVM trailer (PVM L noncoding region, GenBank accession no. NC_006579 bp 14653 to 14657), the PVM L gene end (bp 14781 to 14794 [32]), and the PVM 3= UTR (bp 14795 to 14885) with flanking XhoI and HindIII sites were inserted to replace the RSV sequences. All DNA fragments were synthesized by GeneArt (Invitrogen); sequences were confirmed prior to transfer in order to generate pGEM-PVM-Luc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming of the Respiratory Tract with ImmunobioticLactobacillus plantarumLimits Infection of Alveolar Macrophages with Recombinant Pneumonia Virus of Mice (rK2-PVM)

Dyer

Drummond

Rice

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a natural rodent pathogen that replicates in bronchial epithelial cells and reproduces manyclinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of disease associated with human respiratory syncytial virus. In order to track virus-target cell interactions during acute infection in vivo, we developed rK2-PVM, bacterial artificial chromosomebased recombinant PVM strain J3666 that incorporates the fluorescent tag monomeric Katushka 2 (mKATE2). The rK2-PVM pathogen promotes lethal infection in BALB/c mice and elicits characteristic cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment to the lung parenchyma. Using recombinant virus, we demonstrate for the first time PVM infection of both dendritic cells (DCs; CD11c ؉ major histocompatibility complex class II ؉ ) and alveolar macrophages (AMs; CD11c ؉ sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin F ؉ ) in vivo and likewise detect mKATE2 ؉ DCs in mediastinal lymph nodes from infected mice. AMs support both active virus replication and production of infectious virions. Furthermore, we report that priming of the respiratory tract with immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum, a regimen that results in protection against the lethal inflammatory sequelae of acute respiratory virus infection, resulted in differential recruitment of neutrophils, DCs, and lymphocytes to the lungs in response to rK2-PVM and a reduction from ϳ40% to <10% mKATE2 ؉ AMs in association with a 2-log drop in the release of infectious virions. In contrast, AMs from L. plantarum-primed mice challenged with virus ex vivo exhibited no differential susceptibility to rK2-PVM. Although the mechanisms underlying Lactobacillus-mediated viral suppression remain to be fully elucidated, this study provides insight into the cellular basis of this response. H uman respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV, family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus) is a major cause of morbidity and death among infants and children worldwide and is recognized as a significant health concern among the elderly (1). The anti-hRSV antibody paluvizumab is highly effective when used as prophylaxis in infants identified as high risk (2), although there are many infants hospitalized with severe hRSV disease who are not identified in any of the high-risk cohorts (3). Treatment options for hRSV disease are primarily supportive. The antiviral agent ribavirin is currently recommended only for severely ill and immunocompromised children (4, 5). New antiviral agents that focus specifically on hRSV are in development (6)(7)(8), and the inflammatory responses characteristic of severe hRSV disease are also recognized as targets for therapeutic intervention (9, 10).Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a rodent pathogen of the same family and genus as hRSV. PVM infection in inbred strains of mice reproduces many of the clinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of hRSV disease, which has facilitated the exploration of new therapeutic strategies in vivo (11,12). Similar to hRSV (13), PVM infects bronchial epi...

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“…The MPV M2 gene had been suggested to be 875 nt long [33], whereas Renshaw et al [14] reported a 926-nt M2 sequence for CnPnVs based on the presence of the GS sequence upstream the location previously detected for MPV [34]. Consequently, the M2 gene length was re-determined as 928 and 921 nt for MPV isolates 15 and J3666, respectively.…”

Section: Full-genomic Characterisation Of the Italian Cnpnv Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Genome Analysis of a Canine Pneumovirus Causing Acute Respiratory Disease in Dogs, Italy

et al. 2014

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An outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) associated to canine pneumovirus (CnPnV) infection is reported. The outbreak occurred in a shelter of the Apulia region and involved 37 out of 350 dogs that displayed cough and/or nasal discharge with no evidence of fever. The full-genomic characterisation showed that the causative agent (strain Bari/100-12) was closely related to CnPnVs that have been recently isolated in the USA, as well as to murine pneumovirus, which is responsible for respiratory disease in mice. The present study represents a useful contribution to the knowledge of the pathogenic potential of CnPnV and its association with CIRD in dogs. Further studies will elucidate the pathogenicity and epidemiology of this novel pneumovirus, thus addressing the eventual need for specific vaccines.

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Mutational analysis of the gene start sequences of pneumonia virus of mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Pneumonia virus of mice: severe respiratory infection in a natural host

Pneumonia virus of mice: severe respiratory infection in a natural host

Priming of the Respiratory Tract with ImmunobioticLactobacillus plantarumLimits Infection of Alveolar Macrophages with Recombinant Pneumonia Virus of Mice (rK2-PVM)

Full-Genome Analysis of a Canine Pneumovirus Causing Acute Respiratory Disease in Dogs, Italy

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