Mutations at the Shrunken Locus in Maize Caused by the Controlling Element DS

Fedoroff, Nina V.; Chaleff, D.; Courage-Tebbe, U.; Döring, Hans-Peter; Geiser, Martin; Starlinger, Peter; Tillmann, E.; Weck, E.; Werr, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4538-1_6

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Genomic DNA was isolated using a modified version of the method described by Fedoroff et al (1983). Leaf tissue (1 g) was powdered in liquid nitrogen and mixed with 6 mL of lysis buffer and 0.3 mL of 20% SDS.…”

Section: Extraction Of Genomic Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Arginine Decarboxylase Gene and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening

1993

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Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is the first enzyme in one of the two pathways of putrescine biosynthesis in plants. The genes encoding ADC have previously been cloned from oat and Fscherichia coli. Degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to two conserved regions of ADC were used as primers in polymerase chain reaction amplification of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genomic DNA, and a 1.05-kb fragment was obtained. This genomic DNA fragment encodes an open reading frame of 350 amino acids showing about 50% identity with the oat ADC protein. Using this fragment as a probe, we isolated severa1 partial ADC cDNA clones from a tomato pericarp cDNA library. The 5' end of the coding region was subsequently obtained from a genomic clone containing the entire ADC gene. The tomato ADC gene contains an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 502 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of about 55 kD. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibits 47 and 38% identity with oat and E. coli ADCs, respectively. Cel blot hybridization experiments show that, in tomato, ADC is encoded by a single gene and is expressed as a transcript of approximately 2.2 kb in the fruit pericarp and leaf tissues. During fruit ripening the amount of ADC transcript appeared to peak at the breaker stage. No significant differences were seen when steady-state ADC mRNA levels were compared between normal versus long-keeping Alcobaca (alc) fruit, although alc fruit contain elevated putrescine levels and ADC activity at the ripe stage. The lack of correlation between ADC activity and steady-state mRNA levels in alc fruit suggests a translational and/ or posttranslational regulation of ADC gene expression during tomato fruit ripening.

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Section: Extraction Of Genomic Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Arginine Decarboxylase Gene and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening

1993

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“…The amounts of truncated products were sufficient to account for the reductions observed in normal spliced transcript. Truncation has also been observed in Drosophila genes with naturally occuring transposon insertions in transcribed regions, and in alleles of the Shrunken gene of maize that have a Ds transposon insertion in an intron (Fedoroff et al 1983). Furthermore, transcription termination appears to be the mechanism by which Mul transposon insertions in the first intron of the maize Adhl gene interfere with normal transcript production (Vayda and Freeling 1986).…”

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confidence: 96%

Alteration of hsp82 gene expression by the gypsy transposon and suppressor genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Dorsett¹,

Viglianti²,

Rutledge³

et al. 1989

Genes Dev.

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Numerous spontaneous mutations at various loci inDrosophila melanogaster result from the insertion of retrotransposons. The mutant phenotypes of many of these insertion alleles are made less severe (suppressed) or more severe (enhanced) by mutations in certain allele-specific modifier genes. An example of these phenomena is provided by the 7.5-kb gypsy element, insertions of which are associated with nearly all of the alleles that are suppressed by mutations of suppressor of Hairy wing [su(Hw)] (Modolell et al. 1983). Some of the gypsy-insertion alleles suppressed by su (Hw) promoter effects. The identification and investigation of specific mechanisms, however, have been limited by uncertainties regarding the complex patterns of transcripts of the loci that have been studied.To overcome these difficulties, we have made use of a simple inducible gene with a single intron, the hsp82 heat shock gene. Without gypsy, the hsp82 gene is transcribed in response to heat shock to give two prominent RNAs, the full-length transcript and its spliced product. We investigated the effects on transcript formation, in transfected cells and in transformed Drosophila pupae, of inserting the gypsy element or specific fragments of it into the hsp82 intron. We also examined the effects of mutations in the modifier genes su(Hw), su(f), and su(w~). Here we present these observations and discuss their implications for the mechanisms of mutation by retrotransposon insertions and for the effects of modifier genes. ResultsThe

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“…The shrunken endosperm mutants of corn are known to be related to low ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase activity (bt2) (10), to defective sucrose synthase (sh2) (9), or to high ribonuclease activity at the later stages of seed development (bt2:02) (12). One ofthe shrunken endosperm barley mutants is due to a premature chalazal necrosis causing physical blockage of assimilate transport to endosperm tissue, and others are caused by abnormal endosperm development (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Purification and Properties of Acid Phosphatase from Plump and Shriveled Seeds of Triticale

Ching¹,

Tian²,

Metzger³

1987

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACrA major triticale (X Triticosecalk Wittmack) endosperm acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.2.2) (APase) from sib-lines producing plump and shriveled seed was purified 140-and 2304fold to a specific activity of 94 and 153 micromoles per minute per miligram protein respectively, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, affinity column chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified enzyme from both materials is a monomeric glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 45,700 t 500 contining 12% carbohydrate and an apparent isoelectric point of pH 5.9. It hydrolyzes tri-and di-phosphate of nucleosides as well as phosphate esters and exhibits characteristics of ATP-hydrolase and phosphatase. About 2-fold more of the APase was isolated from shriveled seeds, and the purified enzyme exhibited 3-and 5-fold higher V.. for p-nitrophenyl phosphate and ATP, respectively, than that of plump seed. The Ise for Pi concentration was 5.5-fold higher in APase of shriveled seed than the plump one. These varied quantitative and kinetic properties substantiate the role of APase in lines with shriveled seeds being reduction of starch accumulation by depleting substrates and energy supply in the cytosol.

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Mutations at the Shrunken Locus in Maize Caused by the Controlling Element DS

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Cloning of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Arginine Decarboxylase Gene and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening

Cloning of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Arginine Decarboxylase Gene and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening

Alteration of hsp82 gene expression by the gypsy transposon and suppressor genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Purification and Properties of Acid Phosphatase from Plump and Shriveled Seeds of Triticale

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