Mutual Determination of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride and Vanadium (V) Ions in Real Matrices by Visible Spectrophotometry After Cloud Point Extraction

Abstract

A green method was established for the mutual determination of the drug trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFPH) and vanadium (V) in real samples by coupling the cloud point extraction with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The method was based on the formation of the colored V (V)-TFPH complex in acidic medium followed the extraction of the complex by using the surfactant Triton X-114 as an extracting medium. The surfactant-rich phase extracted was dissolved in a small volume of solvent and both the drug TFPH and V (V) ions determined by spectrophotometry at maximum absorption wavelength of 476 nm. Most parameters which impact on the extraction efficiency and detection for both target analytes were optimized. Under the optimum conditions established, the preconcentration factor was found to be of 50 fold making Beer's law obeyed in the concentration range of 2-80 µg mL -1 (r = 0.9999) for the determination of TFPH and 0.5-10 µg mL -1 (r = 0.9995) for vanadium (V), giving the detection limits of 1.21 and 0.113 µg mL -1 respectively. The mean recovery percentage of 98.94±2.19 % (in blood serum) and 99.43±1.40 (in tap water); the precision (RSD %) ranged between 0.48-3.40 % and 0.45-1.49 were obtained for TFPH and V (V) ions respectively. The proposed method was employed for the determination of TFPH in pharmaceuticals and the spiked serum samples, while a V (V) ion was determined in black pepper samples.

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“…[12] There are only few spectrophotometric methods for estimation trifluoperazine individually. [13][14][15][16] A few other analytical methods have been reported with trifluoperazine and isopropamide simultaneously, individually and with other drugs. [17][18][19][20][21][22] So far no simultaneous spectrophotometric method has been reported with this combination and hence forms the basis of the present work.…”

Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Vanadium(V) in Beverages by Combination of Ultrasound Assisted-cloud Point Extraction with Spectrophotometry

“…In general, the most commonly used analyti-cal techniques are flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 10,11,12 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS), which is also known as graphite furnace AAS (GF-AAS), 13 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 14,15 neutron activation analysis (NAA), 16 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), 17 fluorometry, 18,19 requiring sample pretreatment steps such as ion-exchange, 20 solid phase extraction (SPE), 21,22 liquid phase microextraction (LPME), 23 and cloud point extraction (CPE). [24][25][26][27][28] CPE is superior to traditional solvent extraction because of its high extraction yield and preconcentration factor, and has several advantages such as simplicity, inexpensiveness, operational safety and use of non-toxic rea gents. 29,30 Before detection, CPE is used as a separation and preconcentration method using a surfactant to cause the generation of micellar surroundings and phase separation when a nonionic surfactant solution (or its mixture with cationic or anionic surfactant) as extractant is heated above the critical temperature.…”

“…In this sense, there are some publications dealing with CPE-spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in different sample matrices with their own advantages and disadvantages. [24][25][26][27][28] Moreover, solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) 37 and on-line temperature-assisted ionic liquid based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (on line TA-IL-DLLME) 38 in combination with spectrophotometry as further preconcentration tools prior to analysis were also used for sensitive determination of vanadium in environmental samples.…”

Development of an Eco-Friendly Method for Iron Extraction and Determination in Pharmaceuticals Using Ciprofloxacin Drug as Chelating agent

“…As a result of previously published papers [19][20][21], it becomes clear that there are some medicines that have chemical structures capable of forming a complex hydrophobic compounds with some metal ions possibly exploited rather than commercial chemical reagents due to the easy availability and cheapness and thereby it can be used in complexation of metal ions.…”