“…We combine videometric measures of CEOs with data drawn from RavenPack News Analytics. RavenPack uses a patented algorithm to classify and aggregate press releases which is commonly used to capture firms' competitive actions (e.g., Connelly, Tihanyi, Ketchen, Carnes, & Ferrier, ; Lin, Massa, & Zhang, ; Twedt, ). Researchers have long employed press releases and news articles to manually code firms' competitive actions (e.g., Smith et al, ; Upson, Ketchen, Connelly, & Ranft, ).…”