MWCNTs-CTAB and HFs-Lac Nanocomposite-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rutin Determination

Abstract

Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside compound, which is mainly transported via the blood circulation system in the human body. The monitoring of the blood concentration of rutin is of great significance in many fields such as pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. In this work, a biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hydroxyl fullerenes (HFs), and laccase (Lac) nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrodes was constructed. The modified materials were characterized with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), cyclic voltammograms (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CTAB is used to disperse MWCNTs and improve hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of MWCNTs, while the use of Lac can enhance the oxidation of catechol structure in rutin, thus significantly improving the sensitivity and selectivity of the modified electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) studies showed that the determination linear ranges of rutin were 0.1 µmol L−1 to 2 µmol L−1 and 2 µmol L−1 to 11 µmol L−1, with the determination limits of 30 nmol L−1 and 95.5 nmol L−1, respectively. The proposed biosensor can be used to detect rutin tablets and serum samples with high recovery, which indicates a good accuracy of this method, and the results are consistent with those measured by the traditional ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method. Hence, this biosensor has potential practical application value in rutin drug quality testing and clinical blood drug concentration monitoring.

Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Dehydrogenase-Functionalized Polymers on a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Molecular Recognition of Glucose

“…The observation that the IL can significantly increase the direct electron transfer rate on the electrode surface supported this conclusion [ 35 ]. The anodic peak current to cathodic peak current ratio (I pa /I pc ≈ 1) indicates that the electrochemical process of the modified GC electrode is quasi-reversible [ 36 ]. Furthermore, the NF/IL/GDH/mPEG-fMWCNTs/GCE response signal is stronger than that of other composites and can thus be used in subsequent electrochemistry studies.…”

“…This slope was 57.9 mV pH −1 , which is close to the Nernstian value of 59.2 mV pH −1 [ 25 , 40 ]. These findings indicate that electrons’ direct electrochemical behavior in this electrochemical system is reversible [ 36 ]. The sensor response was caused by the enzymatic reaction described below: …”

Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on BSA Cross-Linked Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Finally, a Glu biosensor was constructed for the detection of rat plasma Glu concentration. Here, HFs was introduced to protect the conformation and properties of GOD [ 33 ], MWCNTs were used to enhance the electrical signal and sensitivity, and BSA was added to regulate the biocompatibility of the composite. MWCNTs, HFs, and BSA play a synergistic role in Glu molecular recognition.…”

Fast Determination of Rutin on a Biosensor Made Using a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite Modified Electrode

“…In addition, electrochemical methods were also commonly used in rutin detecting, and these methods possessed a low cost, short analysis time, and high sensitivity. There has been increasing attention on the electrochemical detection of rutin in the past few years [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Recently, Bagheri et al manufactured a novel magnetic imprinted layer of Fe 3 O 4 @polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide molecular imprinted membrane (M@PANI/rGO MIP) on the surface of a magnetic carbon paste electrode.…”