MXene reinforced organohydrogels with ultra-stability, high sensitivity and anti-freezing ability for flexible strain sensors

Wang, Sheng-Ji; Jing, Xin; Chen, Zhuo; Hu, Xiangshu; Zou, Jian; Mi, Hao‐Yang; Zhang, Zhi; Shang, Yinghui; Liu, Zi-Hao

doi:10.1039/d2tc02148j

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The relative resistance change (RRC, %) of the PAOAM-PDO sensor was counted as follows: , normalR normalR normalC .25em ( % ) = normalΔ R × 100 R 0 = ( R t − R 0 ) × 100 R 0 Herein, R t and R 0 were the instant and original resistance values, respectively, at test time. During electrical experiments, the voltage was set to 5 V.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healable, Adhesive, Anti-Drying, Freezing-Tolerant, and Transparent Conductive Organohydrogel as Flexible Strain Sensor, Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and Skin Barrier

Zhao

Ling

Fan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Conductive hydrogels have attracted tremendous interest in the construction of flexible strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) owing to their good stretchability and adjustable properties. Nevertheless, how to simultaneously achieve high transparency, self-healing, adhesion, antibacterial, anti-freezing, anti-drying, and biocompatibility properties through a simple method remains a challenge. Herein, a transparent, freezing-tolerant, and multifunctional organohydrogel (PAOAM-PDO) as electrode for strain sensors and TENGs was constructed through a free radical polymerization in the 1,3-propanediol (PDO)/water binary solvent system, in which oxide sodium alginate, aminated gelatin, acrylic acid, and AlCl3 were used as raw materials. The obtained PAOAM-PDO exhibited good transparency (>90%), self-healing, adhesiveness, antibacterial property, good conductivity (1.13 S/m), and long-term environmental stability. The introduction of PDO endowed PAOAM-PDO with freezing resistance with a low freezing point of −60 °C, and PAOAM-PDO could serve as a protective skin barrier to prevent frostbite at low temperature. PAOAM-PDO could be assembled as strain sensors to monitor heterogeneous human movements with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 7.05, strain = 233%). Meanwhile, PAOAM-PDO could be further fabricated as a TENG with a “sandwich” structure in single electrode mode. Moreover, the resulting TENG achieved electrical outputs with simple hand tapping and served as a self-powered device to light light-emitting diodes. This work displays a feasible strategy to build environment-tolerant and multifunctional organohydrogels, which possess potential applications in the wearable electronics and self-powered devices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healable, Adhesive, Anti-Drying, Freezing-Tolerant, and Transparent Conductive Organohydrogel as Flexible Strain Sensor, Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and Skin Barrier

Zhao

Ling

Fan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…189 Second, the stability of the hydrogels needs to be verified due to their dehydration of them in long-term application. 190 More importantly, the electrolyte in the gel is immobilized to prevent solution spreading and leakage. The influence of the geometry and limited volume of the gel on the mass transport and the electrochemical behavior needs to be clarified.…”

Section: ■ Microcapillary Cell Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the preparation of the gel probe with different functions is still immature, and the corresponding influence factors require further study . Second, the stability of the hydrogels needs to be verified due to their dehydration of them in long-term application . More importantly, the electrolyte in the gel is immobilized to prevent solution spreading and leakage.…”

Section: Scanning Gel Electrochemical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Area Techniques for Micro- and Nanoelectrochemical Characterization: A Review

Lai

Cai

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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“…Polymer hydrogels are highly versatile materials that consist of cross-linked hydrophobic or hydrophilic polymer networks and water. Because of their structural similarity to soft tissues, they have a wide range of applications in various fields, such as bioengineering, adhesion, soft robots, soft electronics, 3D printings, and flexible sensors. − Hydrophobic interactions, which are prevalent in biological systems, play a dominant role in the formation of elastic fibers, extracellular matrixes, skins, and tendons . These hydrophobic interactions can be incorporated into hydrogels through the use of hydrophobic domains within the polymer networks. , Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrophobic hydrogels are especially useful in soft devices or biological applications due to their soft and robust properties and sensitivity to deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough Hydrophobic Hydrogels for Monitoring Human Moderate Motions in Both Air and Underwater Environments

et al. 2023

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Hydrophobic hydrogels with high strength and great stretchability hold immense potential in various fields, such as soft robots, 3D printing, and flexible sensors. However, the formation of large hydrophobic domains in a hydrophobic hydrogel can lead to a heterogeneous structure in the bulk hydrogel. This phenomenon will result in the hydrophobic hydrogel becoming opaque, having a large energy hysteresis during stretching, poor strain-sensitivity, and slow self-recovery. In this study, we successfully developed a series of transparent hydrophobic hydrogels that exhibit excellent mechanical properties (low hysteresis and high toughness of ∼1.8−2.5 MJ m −3 ) with a desirable strain-sensitivity. The key factor in achieving this was the ability to tune large, inhomogeneous hydrophobic structures into small, well-ordered domains at the scale of 16.50−52.08 nm by introducing a small number of electrostatic groups into the hydrophobic networks. The hydrophobic hydrogels were able to form strong dual physical interactions, including electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic associations, making them ideal materials for fabricating wearable sensors with both in air and underwater applications. This facile and effective approach provides a novel method to prepare hydrophobic hydrogels with good mechanical performance, low hysteresis, and good strain-sensitivity, opening up new potential for their applications in various fields.

show abstract

MXene reinforced organohydrogels with ultra-stability, high sensitivity and anti-freezing ability for flexible strain sensors

Abstract: Hydrogels combining good biocompatibility and super flexibility have attracted tremendous interests in flexible sensors. Nevertheless, they always suffer from poor stability due to the dehydration property in the long period,...

Cited by 39 publications

References 65 publications

Self-Healable, Adhesive, Anti-Drying, Freezing-Tolerant, and Transparent Conductive Organohydrogel as Flexible Strain Sensor, Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and Skin Barrier

Self-Healable, Adhesive, Anti-Drying, Freezing-Tolerant, and Transparent Conductive Organohydrogel as Flexible Strain Sensor, Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and Skin Barrier

Small-Area Techniques for Micro- and Nanoelectrochemical Characterization: A Review

Tough Hydrophobic Hydrogels for Monitoring Human Moderate Motions in Both Air and Underwater Environments

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