Recent emerged antibacterial agents provide enormous new possibilities to replace antibiotics in fighting bacterial infectious diseases. Although abundant types of nanoagents are developed for preventing pathogen colonization, however, rationally design of nonchemotherapic, robust, and clinical‐adaptable nanoagents with tunable bacterial trap and killing activities remains a major challenge. Here, a demonstration of controlling the trap, ablation, and release activities of pathogenic bacteria via stimulus‐responsive regulatory mechanism is reported. First, temperature‐sensitive polymer brush is chemically grown onto carbon nanotube–Fe3O4, whereby the synthesized nanoagents can transfer from hydrophilic dispersion to hydrophobic aggregation upon near‐infrared light irradiation, which thus controls the bacterial trap, killing, and detaching. In turn, the formed aggregations will serve as localized heating sources to enhance photothermal ablation of bacteria. Systematically antibacterial experiments and mouse wound disinfection demonstrate the ultrarobust and recyclable disinfection capability of nanoagents with nearly 100% killing ratio to Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, for the first time, we represent a pioneering study on designing nonchemotherapic and robust dual‐responsive nanoagents that can sensitively and reversibly trap, inactivate, and detach bacteria. We envision that such nanoagents will not only have potential applications in pathogenic bacteria prevention but also provide a new pathway for wound disinfection, implant sterilization, and also live bacteria transportation.

high sensitivity to surroundings, and difficulties in recycling and reuse, limit their further applications. Thus, this situation has promoted the rapid exploration and development of various artificial enzyme mimics, including fullerenes, porphyrins, biomolecules, metal complexes, polymers, and functional nanomaterials. [3-6] Among these enzyme-mimetic catalysts (Enz-Cats, also defined as nanozymes in some systems), [4,5,7,8] alkaline metals, transition metals, and lanthanoid components [9-11] have been devoted to extending their applications in the fields of disease diagnosis, [12,13] wound disinfection, [14] and tumor treatments. [15-17] In particular, synthesizing metal-based nanomaterials to engineer Enz-Cats by precisely modulating their catalytic metal centers, sizes, structures, porosities, and compositions has been a long-standing objective, which provides tremendous opportunities to explore highly efficient Enz-Cats and reveal the essential catalytic mechanisms. [18-21] Although some developed Enz-Cats have exhibited efficient in vitro activities, the catalytic performances and selectivity in diverse physiological environments are still vital considerations during the exploration of their further application in biomedical areas. [22-24] Furthermore, the inherent physicochemical characteristics of these Enz-Cats may yield multiple catalytic reactions, such as generating or scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) under internal microenvironments Nanomaterial-based enzyme-mimetic catalysts (Enz-Cats) have received considerable attention because of their optimized and enhanced catalytic performances and selectivities in diverse physiological environments compared with natural enzymes. Recently, owing to their molecular/atomic-level catalytic centers, high porosity, large surface area, high loading capacity, and homogeneous structure, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the most promising materials in engineering Enz-Cats. Here, the recent advances in the design of MOF-engineered Enz-Cats, including their preparation methods, composite constructions, structural characterizations, and biomedical applications, are highlighted and commented upon. In particular, the performance, selectivities, essential mechanisms, and potential structure-property relations of these MOF-engineered Enz-Cats in accelerating catalytic reactions are discussed. Some potential biomedical applications of these MOF-engineered Enz-Cats are also breifly proposed. These applications include, for example, tumor therapies, bacterial disinfection, tissue regeneration, and biosensors. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges in emerging research frontiers are thoroughly discussed. Thereby, potential pathways and perspectives for designing future state-of-the-art Enz-Cats in biomedical sciences are offered.

Recently emerging graphene-based 2D nanoplatforms with multiple therapeutic modalities provide enormous opportunities to combat pathogenic bacterial infections. However, because these materials suffer from complicated synthesis, massive dosage requirements, and abundant nonlocalized heat, much more simplified, tunable, and localized eradication approaches are urgently required. Herein, we report on the fabrication of the metal−organic-framework (MOF)-derived 2D carbon nanosheets (2D-CNs) with phase-to-size transformation and localized bacterial eradication capabilities for augmented anti-infective therapy. The MOFderived, ZnO-doped carbon on graphene (ZnO@G) is first synthesized and then anchored with phase transformable thermally responsive brushes

Severe infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have become urgent threats to global public health. Antibacterial materials with combined chemophotothermal therapeutic capabilities possess distinct advantages when compared with many other antibacterial approaches. However, developing simplified and chemically tunable precursors to synthesize such antibacterial nanoagents for rapidly, safely, and synergistically combating pathogenic bacteria remains a huge challenge. Herein, metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived nanocarbons with near-infrared (NIR)-responsive and sizetransformable capabilities are designed to overcome this challenge. The MOF-derived nanocarbons with chemo-photothermal bactericidal capabilities are first synthesized, and then coated with a thermoresponsive gel layer to obtain ON-OFF switching capability for bacterial trapping. The fabricated nanocarbons exhibit high photo-to-thermal conversion efficiency and fast size transformation from nanodispersions to micrometer aggregations upon NIR irradiation, thus enabling nanocarbons to generate localized massive heat and abundant Zn 2+ ions for directly disrupting bacterial membrane and intracellular proteins. Furthermore, these nanocarbons not only exhibit a nearly 100% bactericidal ratio at very low dosage, but also possess highly efficient and safe wound disinfection activities, which are comparable to vancomycin. Overall, these proposed novel nanocarbons display robust and localized chemo-photothermal bactericidal capability and possess great potential to be used as alternative to antibiotics for broad-spectrum eradication of pathogenic bacteria.