Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Engineered Enzyme‐Mimetic Catalysts

Abstract

high sensitivity to surroundings, and difficulties in recycling and reuse, limit their further applications. Thus, this situation has promoted the rapid exploration and development of various artificial enzyme mimics, including fullerenes, porphyrins, biomolecules, metal complexes, polymers, and functional nanomaterials. [3-6] Among these enzyme-mimetic catalysts (Enz-Cats, also defined as nanozymes in some systems), [4,5,7,8] alkaline metals, transition metals, and lanthanoid components [9-11] have been devoted to extending their applications in the fields of disease diagnosis, [12,13] wound disinfection, [14] and tumor treatments. [15-17] In particular, synthesizing metal-based nanomaterials to engineer Enz-Cats by precisely modulating their catalytic metal centers, sizes, structures, porosities, and compositions has been a long-standing objective, which provides tremendous opportunities to explore highly efficient Enz-Cats and reveal the essential catalytic mechanisms. [18-21] Although some developed Enz-Cats have exhibited efficient in vitro activities, the catalytic performances and selectivity in diverse physiological environments are still vital considerations during the exploration of their further application in biomedical areas. [22-24] Furthermore, the inherent physicochemical characteristics of these Enz-Cats may yield multiple catalytic reactions, such as generating or scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) under internal microenvironments Nanomaterial-based enzyme-mimetic catalysts (Enz-Cats) have received considerable attention because of their optimized and enhanced catalytic performances and selectivities in diverse physiological environments compared with natural enzymes. Recently, owing to their molecular/atomic-level catalytic centers, high porosity, large surface area, high loading capacity, and homogeneous structure, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the most promising materials in engineering Enz-Cats. Here, the recent advances in the design of MOF-engineered Enz-Cats, including their preparation methods, composite constructions, structural characterizations, and biomedical applications, are highlighted and commented upon. In particular, the performance, selectivities, essential mechanisms, and potential structure-property relations of these MOF-engineered Enz-Cats in accelerating catalytic reactions are discussed. Some potential biomedical applications of these MOF-engineered Enz-Cats are also breifly proposed. These applications include, for example, tumor therapies, bacterial disinfection, tissue regeneration, and biosensors. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges in emerging research frontiers are thoroughly discussed. Thereby, potential pathways and perspectives for designing future state-of-the-art Enz-Cats in biomedical sciences are offered.

Mussel-inspired nanozyme catalyzed conductive and self-setting hydrogel for adhesive and antibacterial bioelectronics

“…, nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like characteristics) have attracted significant interest owing to their low cost and high stability [ [31] , [32] , [33] ]. Diverse nanozymes based on noble metals, transition metals, and carbon nanomaterials show enzyme-like catalytic properties, including peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities [ [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ]. In particular, noble metal nanoparticle (NP)-based nanozymes with peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic activity can produce •OH radicals [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Bioinspired Spiky Peroxidase‐Mimics for Localized Bacterial Capture and Synergistic Catalytic Sterilization

“…This spatially confined activity helps to develop targeted applications as well as guarantee excellent biocompatibility during usage. [ 20,21 ] Moreover, the molecular weight of ROS is very small, which can quickly diffuse through the mesoporous spiky structures and damage the targeted pathogens. [ 22 ] Therefore, the ROS‐based spiky nanosystem is very suitable for mimicking the LCK action to combat pathogenic bacteria.…”

Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction combined with Fe-MOF based bio-/enzyme-mimics nanoparticles for treating of cancer

“…Enzyme-mimetic catalysts, such as alkaline metals, transition metals, lanthanoid components, have been widely used in the fields of disease diagnosis, wound disinfection, and tumor treatments [ 24 ]. And engineering and modification of these catalysts can further motivate their broad biomedical applications.…”