Myanmar's Agriculture Sector: Unlocking the Potential for Inclusive Growth

Abstract

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Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change

“…Rice production has remained the primary focus of agricultural and food policy in Myanmar since the Green Revolution, despite delivering relatively low yields and economic returns per unit of land area (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, 2018;World Bank, 2018). Rice and fish are the fourth largest contributors to gross domestic product and are the main sources of rural incomes (Raitzer et al, 2015;FAO, 2020b). The government has declared revitalization of the agriculture sector as a priority, following the impacts of a tumultuous political history ( Figure 5).…”

Monitoring saline intrusion in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, using data from the Sentinel-2 satellite mission

“…Myanmar has great potential in the agricultural sector, which contributes to most of the national gross domestic product (FAO 2020). Since the government supported the installation of irrigation facilities in 1992, the double cropping system was widely spread in Myanmar (Raitzer et al 2015). Rice production and the population have both increased in the well-irrigated lowlands of the Ayeyarwady Delta (Matsuda 2009).…”

Assessing agricultural trade comparative advantage of Myanmar and its main competitors: Findings from UN Comtrade

“…Myanmar's agricultural products are mainly land and labor intensive products, such as rice, pulses and beans, maize, sesame, fruits and vegetables (ADB 2013; Sri Lanka, EDB 2014; Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar 2017). However, Myanmar's agriculture sector has substantial unexploited potential to underpin its economic development (Raitzer, Wong, and Samson 2015). Agricultural exports were only US$2.02 billion in 2016, compared with neighboring Viet Nam's exports of US$19.64 billion in the same year (UN Comtrade 2017).…”

“…The agricultural trading sector gradually developed after the movement to a more open economy in 1988 (Soe 2004;ADB 2012). Furthermore, Myanmar's government has introduced significant political and economic reforms in liberalizing agricultural trading since 2011 (Raitzer, Wong, and Samson 2015), including the opening to global trade, encouraging foreign direct investment, and deepening agricultural policy reforms. In particular, the government is aiming to promote agricultural exports and pursue an exported-oriented strategy for agriculture (ADB 2013) by diversifying markets abroad and improving the quality of exported products (ADB 2012).…”