Mycobacterial endocarditis: a comprehensive review

Abstract

ObjectiveA systematic analysis was made in view of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and main outcomes of mycobacterial endocarditis.MethodsThe data source of the present study was based on a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, Highwire Press and Google search engine for publications on mycobacterial endocarditis published between 2000 and 2013.ResultsThe rapidly growing mycobacteria become the predominant pathogens with Mycobacterium chelonae being the most common. This condition has changed significantly in terms of epidemiology since the 21st century, with more broad patient age range, longer latency, prevailed mitral valve infections and better prognosis.ConclusionMycobacterial endocarditis is rare and the causative pathogens are predominantly the rapidly growing mycobacteria. Amikacin, ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin are the most frequently used targeted antimicrobial agents but often show poor responses. Patients with deep infections may warrant a surgical operation or line withdrawal. With periodic multidrug therapy guided by drug susceptibility testing, and surgical managements, patients may achieve good therapeutic results.

Mycobacterium Abscessus Native Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis. Is a Six-Week Course of Combination Antibiotic Therapy Enough?

“…Tricuspid and mitral valve involvement have been reported more often than the aortic valve. Although a male to female ratio of 1.38:1 of mycobacterial endocarditis was described by (Yuan, 2015), we found a male to female ratio of 3.5: 1 for native valve endocarditis due to M abscessus.…”

Contamination during production of heater-cooler units by Mycobacterium chimaera potential cause for invasive cardiovascular infections: results of an outbreak investigation in Germany, April 2015 to February 2016

“…Infections by M. chimaera are rare and their occurrence, when detected, is considered unusual [19]. The reported M. chimaera infections might therefore be regarded as an indicator of a potential microbial hazard caused by the water-bearing HCUs in the healthcare environment.…”

Association of tuberculosis and tricuspid valve endocarditis in AIDS patient with Ebstein heart anomaly

“…TB should be considered in cases of culture negative endocarditis in endemic areas, even in immunocompetent hosts [19,20]. Although diagnostic difficulties were encountered in our patient regarding the definitive diagnosis of disseminated TB, it seems that this was one of the rare cases of endocarditis in the context of disseminated TB and HIV infection [4].…”