Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in Wild Boars in Korea

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic infectious enteritis in various domestic and wild mammals and is widely distributed globally. Interspecies transmission has been frequently reported. We investigated the presence of MAP from December 2010 to March 2011 in blood and feces collected from 222 hunter-killed wild boars. We collected 197 serum and 180 fecal samples and examined them by culture, PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We investigated the status of MAP infection and the MAP genotypes in the wild boar population of Korea by using IS900 PCR and IS1311-restriction endonuclease analysis typing. Of the 180 fecal samples cultured, MAP colonies were recovered from two. By PCR, 18 animals were positive for MAP and one serum sample had a strong humoral response to MAP. The PCR-positive DNA samples from the colonies and the feces samples were genotyped as ''cattle type'' and ''bison type,'' which are major MAP genotypes infecting domestic species in Korea. Our study provides new information on mycobacterial infection among wild boars, and suggests that a more effective program should be developed to monitor mycobacterial infections in wild animal populations in Korea.

Isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Korean black goat (Capra hircus aegagrus)

“…Further, to the best of our knowledge, except for a study (Okuni et al 2012), in which the "bison type" was observed in Ugandan cattle, no other observation of the "bison type" genotypes are not commonly reported outside India or the USA. Furthermore, we also identified "cattle type" and "bison type" genotypes of MAP infected wild boar in Korea (Kim et al 2013). These results indicate that these two genotypes are a major cause of infection in domestic and wild animals in Korea.…”

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an Egyptian mixed breeding farm and comparative molecular characterisation of isolates from cattle, camels and cats – a case report

“…Domestic and wild ruminants are the main natural reservoirs for MAP including cattle, sheep, goats and deer. However, the organism showed the ability to jump the species barrier to expand its host range as it was found in other non-ruminant animals including some wild reservoirs such as foxes, weasels, rats and boars (Kim et al, 2013). Moreover, MAP was isolated from diseased persons with inflammatory bowel syndrome (Crohn's disease) a matter of great interest suggesting a zoonotic potential of this Mycobacterium species (Scanu et al, 2007).…”

Genetic diversity of bovineMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisdiscriminated by IS1311PCR-REA, MIRU-VNTR, and MLSSR genotyping

“…Because bison-type strains are not common in cattle in other countries [ 24 ], it is thought that the wide distribution of the bison-type in Korea has an important meaning in an epidemiological aspect. Bison-type strains of MAP have been reported in several countries other than Korea [ 13 23 24 25 ]. On the American continent, Sohal et al [ 24 ] reported bison-type strains isolated from domestic species in Quebec, Canada.…”

“…In India, the bison-type strain was the predominant strain identified in most domestic ruminant species, and that type was also found in some wild animals [ 23 25 ]. In Korea, bison-type strains were reported in wild boars and domestic species such as cattle, goat, and elk [ 13 ]. Because the bison-type genotype was discovered in both wildlife and domestic animals in Korea, it could be suggested that wildlife species have the potential to spread MAP between wildlife and domestic cattle.…”