Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infections: The knowns and unknowns

Chiok, Kim R.; Dhar, Neeraj; Banerjee, Arinjay

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106629

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Intriguingly, when MDMs were exposed to conditioned media from Mtb-infected MDMs, this exposure not only promoted SARS-CoV-2 infection but also triggered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [13]. These findings align with clinical reports that propose specific responses in TB patients that elevate the susceptibility to severe COVID-19 [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…As with IFN-γ, TNF-α is known to be a critical component of the immune response against both tuberculosis and COVID-19. However, elevated TNF-α levels have been linked with immunopathology in severe COVID-19 cases, while in TB, TNF-α is essential for granuloma formation and the containment of the infection [13,15]. Patients diagnosed with pulmonary active tuberculosis develop diverse granulomatous lesions, reflecting a robust inflammatory process primarily driven by cell-mediated immunity [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

Cavalcante-Silva,

Leite,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection consequences. However, after a vaccination plan against COVID-19, the cases of severe disease and death are consistently controlled, although cases of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 still happen together with tuberculosis (TB) cases. Thus, in this context, we sought to compare the T cell response of COVID-19-non-vaccinated and -vaccinated patients with active tuberculosis exposed to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Flow cytometry was used to analyze activation markers (i.e., CD69 and CD137) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-17, and IL-10) levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 peptides. The data obtained showed that CD8+ T cells from non-vaccinated TB patients present a high frequency of CD69 and TNF-α after viral challenge compared to vaccinated TB donors. Conversely, CD4+ T cells from vaccinated TB patients show a high frequency of IL-10 after spike peptide stimulus compared to non-vaccinated patients. No differences were observed in the other parameters analyzed. The results suggest that this reduced immune balance in coinfected individuals may have consequences for pathogen control, necessitating further research to understand its impact on clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in those with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb infections.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

Cavalcante-Silva,

Leite,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Moreover, TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-17A, IL-5, FGF-basic, and GM-CSF were increased in co-infected compared to patients with TB-only. Importantly, co-infection was associated with an impairment of SARS-CoV-2-specific and a reduced Mtbspecific immune response (313).…”

Section: Tuberculosis and Sars-cov-2 Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To date, the immune response for each pathogen has been well studied, whereas the impact of Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection on the innate and adaptive immune response, their crosstalk and cumulative impact on disease outcome in humans still need to be delineated (309)(310)(311)(312)(313).…”

Section: Tuberculosis and Sars-cov-2 Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Covid-19 and TB Syndemic: Differences and Similarities

H. E. Kaufmann,

Sher,

Sigal

et al. 2023

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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“…Since Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 infect multiple species aside from their host of choice, attempts to model them in other animal models or multiple species could be helpful. Following this approach, epidemiological observations from the human population could be explored to define molecular determinants controlling inflammation and cell death pathways which may co-regulate host-responses to both pathogens ( 313 ). A priority should be the elaboration of solutions for bottlenecks in mirroring diseases at various stages and certainly this becomes complex in co-infection and co-morbidity scenarios which are often associated with TB and COVID-19.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

et al. 2023

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Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infections: The knowns and unknowns

Cited by 7 publications

References 103 publications

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

The Covid-19 and TB Syndemic: Differences and Similarities

Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

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