Mycoparasite
            <i>Sphaerellopsis filum</i>
            and its potential for biological control of willow rust.

MingHao, Pei; Yuan, Z.W.; Pei, M. H.; McCracken, A. R.

doi:10.1079/9780851999999.0243

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…It is not yet certain whether the substantial genotypic diversity in S. filum is caused exclusively by mutation. Morphological examination of field samples (Pei & Yuan, 2005) suggested that, if the sexual stage exists in S. filum on willow rust, it may be infrequent. In October 1999 and 2000, rusted leaves and stem cankers were collected, both carrying abundant S. filum pycnidia, from the short strip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In October 1999 and 2000, rusted leaves and stem cankers were collected, both carrying abundant S. filum pycnidia, from the short strip. They were placed in muslin bags and left in the open to allow them to overwinter (Pei & Yuan, 2005). The S. filum fruiting bodies were examined at 1-2 months intervals until July.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, further experiments (Yuan et al ., 1999) showed that E. caricis from the blackberry rust was non-pathogenic to willow rust M. larici-epitea . Although the mycoparasite sometimes produces Eudarluca -like stromata on willow rust cankers, no ascospores have so far been found in S. filum on willow Melampsora (Morris et al ., 1995;Pei & Yuan, 2005).…”

Section: Accepted 1 January 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure and spatial distribution of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora larici‐epitea in a short‐rotation coppice willow planting

et al. 2007

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AFLP analysis was used to examine the genetic structure of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on willow rust Melampsora larici-epitea using two sets of samples of a willow clone in a short-rotation coppice planting. The first set was collected from a plot (short strip) in 1998, 1999 and 2000 and the second from another plot (long strip) in 2000. In all, 228 S. filum isolates were typed, 139 AFLP loci scored and 54 AFLP genotypes identified. In the short strip, genotypes sampled in 1998 were no longer detected in subsequent years and genotype diversity fluctuated (0·25 -0·68) over the years, indicating that migration had a major impact on the genotype structure. Two distinct groups (average Nei and Li's similarity coefficient between the groups = 0·047) were identified. The group B genotypes were sampled only in 2000. Within the groups, the average similarities were > 0·96. Both the index of association test and the parsimony tree length permutation test suggest that there was a significant clonality in group A while recombination cannot be ruled out in group B. Localized clusters of AFLP genotypes were detected using the software SaTScan that is based on the spatial scan statistic. Possible mechanisms involved in the spread of S. filum in willow coppice plantations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted 1 January 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure and spatial distribution of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora larici‐epitea in a short‐rotation coppice willow planting

et al. 2007

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“…Conidia were stored at -60°C in a 15% glycerol solution. Conidial suspensions were transferred to PDA amended with 300 mg of Bacto Tryptone and 150 mg of Bacto Yeast Extract, and incubated for 2 days under UV light (40-W blacklight; GE, Fairfield, CT) at 23°C and then under gro-lights (40-W, Gro-Lux; Sylvania, Danvers, MA) at 23°C for 2 to 3 weeks (20). Mucilaginous cirrhi of conidia were harvested from pycnidia by means of a sterile blade and placed into centrifuge tubes with 1 ml of sterilized water containing 0.05 M MgS04 to help prolong viability of the conidia (unpublished data).…”

Section: Iviateriais and Iviethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Late-autumn plantings of perennial ryegrass have significantly less stem rust severity during the epidemic than those planted earlier in the fall, probably due to lower overwintering population of the pathogen (27). However, late planting results in a yield reduction, as demonstrated by a 23% lower seed yield compared with earlier planted stands when stem rust is kept equally low in both stand types through the use of fungicides (20). Reducing the overwintering P. graminis subsp.…”

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confidence: 98%

Effects of the Mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Overwintering Survival of Stem Rust in Perennial Ryegrass

Gordon

Pfender

2012

Plant Disease

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Gordon, T. C, and Pfender, W. F. 2012. Effects of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis ftlum on overwintering survival of stem rust in perennial ryegrass. Plant Dis. 96:1471-1481.--Sphaerellopsis filum is a mycoparasite of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola, a rust fungus that causes widespread crop damage on perennial ryegrass grown for seed. In observations taken over the winter months, S. filum was found naturally colonizing 2% of P. graminis subsp. graminicola uredinia on first-year plantings and 25% of the uredinia on second-year plantings of perennial ryegrass. In controlled experiments conducted in glasshouses and growth chambers, S. filum applied to rust-inoculated plants reduced the lifetime spore production of P. graminis subsp. graminicola pustules by half, from 39,000 to 18,000 spores/pustule . Mist duration, temperature, and P. graminis subsp. graminicola pustule age at the time of 5. filum inoculation had significant effects on the proportion of P. graminis subsp. graminicola pustules infected by 5. filum. Fifty percent of all P. graminis subsp. graminicola pustules were infected when S. filum was inoculated onto erumpent pustules and incubated above 5°C for 48 h while exposed to mist. Plants inoculated with both fungi under controlled conditions and then planted into the field had a significantly greater proportion of P. graminis subsp. graminicola pustules infected with S. filum, and a significantly reduced P. graminis subsp. graminicola overwintering population, compared with plants inoculated with P. graminis subsp. graminicola only. First-year stands of perennial ryegrass treated in the field with monthly applications of S. filum had more than 10 times the proportion of pustules infected with S. filum and 50% less P. graminis subsp. graminicola disease compared with the nontreated controls. In comparison, plants with one application of fungicide during the winter had 98% lower P. graminis subsp. graminicola severity than the P. graminis subsp. graminicola-only control There were no effects of S. filum or fungicide application on rust severity in 2-or 3-year-old perennial ryegrass stands.Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a cool-season seed crop intensively cultivated in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, New Zealand, and parts of Europe (3,37,38). The most damaging disease of perennial ryegrass in the Pacific Northwest is stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola Z. Urb. If untreated with fungicide, stem rust can cause reductions in seed yields exceeding 90% (24).Weather conditions and host growth during the cropping season (spring and summer) play a major role in determining the severity of the stem rust epidemic. These factors have been combined into a mathematical model that predicts disease severity based on daily weather inputs, host stage, and initial spring rust severity (25,26,28). The model predicts that disease severity during the course of the epidemic is proportional to the initial amount of rust in the spring, if all other variables are held...

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Biological And Integrated Means to Control Rust Diseases

Moricca

Ragazzi

Integrated Management of Diseases Caused by Fungi, Phytoplasma and Bacteria

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Mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum and its potential for biological control of willow rust.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic structure and spatial distribution of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora larici‐epitea in a short‐rotation coppice willow planting

Genetic structure and spatial distribution of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora larici‐epitea in a short‐rotation coppice willow planting

Effects of the Mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Overwintering Survival of Stem Rust in Perennial Ryegrass

Biological And Integrated Means to Control Rust Diseases

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