Biological And Integrated Means to Control Rust Diseases

Moricca, Salvatore; Ragazzi, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8571-0_15

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…However, there are only a few studies showing the effects of these (Kiss, ; Newcombe et al ., ; Moricca et al ., ). Other antagonists (viruses or bacteria) may equally play a role in rust ecology (Moricca & Ragazzi, ). The influence of global change on biological antagonists is still unclear.…”

Section: Biological Factors Relating To Threat or Invasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rust fungi and global change

Helfer

2013

New Phytologist

154

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Summary Rust fungi are important components of ecological communities and in ecosystem function. Their unique life strategies as biotrophic pathogens with complicated life cycles could make them vulnerable to global environmental change. While there are gaps in our knowledge, especially in natural plant–rust systems, this review of the exposure of rust fungi to global change parameters revealed that some host–rust relationships would decline under predicted environmental change scenarios, whereas others would either remain unchanged or become more prevalent. Notably, some graminicolous rusts are negatively affected by higher temperatures and increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2. An increase of atmospheric O3 appears to favour rust diseases on trees but not those on grasses. Combined effects of CO2 and O3 are intermediary. The most important global drivers for the geographical and host plant range expansion and prevalence of rusts, however, are global plant trade, host plant genetic homogenization and the regular occurrence of conducive environmental conditions, especially the availability of moisture. However, while rusts thrive in high‐humidity environments, they can also survive in desert habitats, and as a group their environmental tolerance is large, with no conclusive change in their overall prevalence predictable to date.

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Section: Biological Factors Relating To Threat or Invasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rust fungi and global change

Helfer

2013

New Phytologist

154

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“…Some of the most common examples come from the relationship between Cladosporium spp. and rust pathogens [ 19 , 20 ], such as: C . uredinicola parasitizing Puccinia violae , P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides as potential new fungal antagonists of Puccinia horiana Henn., the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust

et al. 2017

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Puccinia horiana Hennings, the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust, is a worldwide quarantine organism and one of the most important fungal pathogens of Chrysanthemum × morifolium cultivars, which are used for cut flowers and as potted plants in commercial production regions of the world. It was previously reported to be controlled by Lecanicillium lecanii, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, C. uredinicola and Aphanocladium album, due to their antagonistic and hyperparasitic effects. We report novel antagonist species on Puccinia horiana. Fungi isolated from rust pustules in a commercial greenhouse from Villa Guerrero, México, were identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides based upon molecular analysis and morphological characters. The antagonism of C. cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides on chrysanthemum white rust was studied using light and electron microscopy in vitro at the host/parasite interface. Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides grew towards the white rust teliospores and colonized the sporogenous cells, but no direct penetration of teliospores was observed; however, the structure and cytoplasm of teliospores were altered. The two Cladosporium spp. were able to grow on media containing laminarin, but not when chitin was used as the sole carbon source; these results suggest that they are able to produce glucanases. Results from the study indicate that both Cladosporium species had potential as biological control agents of chrysanthemum white rust.

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“…They contain living organisms such as bacteria or fungi that are antagonistic to rust pathogens. When applied to crops, bio fungicides can suppress rust infections (Moricca and Ragazzi, 2008). Bio fungicides are an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to managing plant diseases, including rust, in agriculture.…”

Section: Bio Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Approaches to Enhancing Rust Resistance in Wheat Leading to Global Food Security

Afzal,

Mushtaq,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Plant Prot.

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Rust diseases pose significant threats to wheat production. The deployment of wheat cultivars endowed with rust resistance stands as the most potent strategy for effective rust management. This resistance is primarily inherited through Mendelian principles discovered in 1905, but traditional breeding methods are time-consuming. Modern strategies have emerged to develop rust-resistant wheat varieties efficiently. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) accelerates the breeding process through precise screening, bringing about a revolution in the creation of rust-resistant wheat varieties. Genetic engineering techniques allow the transfer of resistance genes from other species into susceptible crops, but GMO use remains controversial and regulated. Gene editing, especially with CRISPR-Cas9, is a game-changer, enabling the introduction of natural variations or inactivation of critical genes in rust pathogens, enhancing plant resistance. RNA interference (RNAi) is another promising strategy, using small RNA molecules to inhibit rust pathogen gene expression, reducing disease severity. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) primes plant immune systems by treating them with beneficial microorganisms or compounds, fortifying them against subsequent rust infections. Eco-friendly biofungicides with antagonistic microorganisms suppress rust infections as alternatives to chemical fungicides. The development of climate-resilient wheat varieties is essential, as they indirectly enhance rust resistance, ensuring stable production amid changing climate conditions. These efforts to improve wheat productivity and rust resistance are crucial for feeding the growing global population. Integrating modern methods with traditional breeding is key to effectively combatting rust diseases and enhancing food security.

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Biological And Integrated Means to Control Rust Diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 84 publications

Rust fungi and global change

Rust fungi and global change

Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides as potential new fungal antagonists of Puccinia horiana Henn., the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust

Modern Approaches to Enhancing Rust Resistance in Wheat Leading to Global Food Security

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