Background: Mycoplasma hominis is one of the main opportunistic pathogenic Mycoplasma in human which has a major impact on patients with bloodstream infections. Because it is difficult to detect or isolate, the rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential and still challenging for patients with bloodstream infection.
Case presentation: In this case, we reported the application of next -generation sequencing on diagnosis of bloodstream infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis in a patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis. After 9 days of combined treatment with levofloxacin, polymyxin B, and meropenem, the patient’s infected situation was gradually controlled and he was discharged without further complications. During the three-month outpatient follow-up, no recurrence of symptoms or signs was reported.
Conclusions: This successful application of the next generation sequencing assisted the rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma hominis bloodstream infection, provided a new perspective in the clinical approach and highlighted the potential of this technique in rapid etiological diagnosis.