Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the aetiology of lobar pneumonia in northern Nigeria.

Macfarlane, John; Adegboye, D. S.; Warrell, Mary

doi:10.1136/thx.34.6.713

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae was diagnosed serologically in 9.2% of 65 patients and in 12.5% of patients with identifiable etiology. Our result is similar to the 14% found by White et al in the UK [19] and lower than the 17% obtained in northern Nigeria by MacFarlane et al [21]. However, rates as low as 0–3% have been reported by other authors [5,12,15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Microbial etiology of acute community-acquired pneumonia in adult hospitalized patients in Yaounde-Cameroon

Koulla‐Shiro

Kuaban

Bélec

1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the microbial etiology of acute community-acquired pneumonia in Yaoundé. METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive adult patients admitted to hospital for radiologically confirmed acute community-acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively. Sputum microscopy and culture, blood cultures, pneumococcal antigen detection in serum and serologic analysis for agents of atypical pneumonia and for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were performed for most patients. RESULTS: There were 65 men and 26 women, mean age 36.5 years. Of 91 patients, 70.3% had at least one predisposing factor and 21.7% (20 of 81) were seropositive for HIV. A microbial etiology was identified in 48 (52.7%) cases. A single pathogen was identified in 42 (85.4%) and double pathogens in six (14.6%). Bacteremia occurred in 12 of 81 patients and was significantly more common in HIV-seropositive than in HIV-seronegative patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest causative agent, identified in 22 of 91 (24.2%) patients, 10 of whom were bacteremic. Atypical pathogens were diagnosed in 14 of 65 patients with serologic tests. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Coxiella burnetii were diagnosed in six of 65 (9.2%) cases each, and Chlamydia pneumoniae in three (4.6%) patients. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae occurred as a dual infection in one case. Seven of 91 patients died, and death was not associated with any particular etiology. CONCLUSION: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the predominant etiologic pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia. For this reason, and also because ampicillin used empirically to treat patients with this disease in the same setting has been shown to be efficacious, we propose the use of an aminopenicillin in the initial treatment of acute community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Yaoundé. However, patients who fail to respond clinically to such treatment should benefit from either a macrolide or a tetracycline in order to cover for atypical pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Microbial etiology of acute community-acquired pneumonia in adult hospitalized patients in Yaounde-Cameroon

Koulla‐Shiro

Kuaban

Bélec

1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…5,6,7 A previous study of upper RTIs from this region 8 showed the prevalent isolates to be Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms. The clinical presentation in these patients included history of cough with sputum production, fever, chest pain and dyspnoea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3 Unfortunately the significance of using this approach (typical and atypical presentation) is limited because the clinical features of many infections overlap. 4 Several studies before now from this region 5,6,7 have identified Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma as the commonest isolates from lower respiratory tract infections. A similar study on the upper respiratory tract infections (RTI) from the region 8 showed a prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms, with smaller proportiuons of Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas pyocynae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Benin City, Nigeria

Egbagbe¹,

Mordi²

2009

Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research

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Patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI), Pneumonia inclusive account for a large proportion of a primary care physicians (PCP) work load and a frequent cause for prescription of antibacterial agents.The study was aimed at analyzing the various isolated organisms obtained from sputum and to test their susceptibility and sensitivity to available antibiotics in use in the hospital and environ. Two hundred and forty eight patients seen over a one year period (January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005) and who were diagnosed to have lower respiratory tract infections were used for the study after an informed consent. The commonest organisms isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Most isolates groups were sensitive to ceftazidime (CAZ), Amoxycillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), cefuroxime (CXM) and ceftriaxone (CRO). The findings from this study are of relevance in the empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in this environment.

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“…Community-acquired lobar pneumonia is classically associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, but Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila, and streptococci may also produce a typical lobar configuration (Kobzik & Schoen, 1994;Winn & Chandler, 1994;Winn & Myerowitz, 1981). Individual cases have been ascribed to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Enos et al, 1980), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Macfarlane et al, 1979), adenovirus type 7 (Leers et al, 1981), Aspergillus spp. (Young et al, 1969), Proteus spp.…”

Section: Lobar Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%