Mycoplasmas as Agents of Human Disease

Cassell, Gail H.; Cole, Barry C.

doi:10.1056/nejm198101083040204

Cited by 303 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…M. pneumoniae infection accounts for -20% of all pneumonia cases in the general population and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe pulmonary disease, myocardial and cerebral involvement, hemolytic anemia, and dermatological disorders (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.

Almagor¹,

Kahane²,

Yatziv³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. The role ofMycoplasma pneumoniaegenerated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in inducing host cell injury was studied in normal and trisomy 21 human cells. As a result of M. pneumoniae infection, catalase activity in infected normal skin fibroblasts and ciliated epithelial cells decreased by 74-77% as compared with uninfected controls. Addition of superoxide dismutase to the infected cultured cells totally prevented the inhibition whereas addition of catalase or catalytically inactivated superoxide dismutase had no protective effect. Trisomy 21 erythrocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts in which CuZn-superoxide dismutase content is 50% greater than in normal cells were infected by M. pneumoniae. The inhibition of catalase activity in these cells was 7-33% and 0-20.5%, respectively, as compared with 65-72% and 48-68% inhibition in normal infected controls. Following M. pneumoniae infection, the levels of malonyldialdehyde, an indicator for membrane lipid peroxidation were raised in trisomy 21 cultured fibroblasts by 10-32% while in normal cells malonyldialdehyde increased by 140-870%. Externally added superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in normal infected cells. Lactate dehydrogenase release from normal infected cells was time correlated with the increase in their malonyldialdehyde formation. It is suggested that superoxide generated during M. pneumoniae infection is involved in the inhibition of host cell catalase activity. The inactivation of this cellular antioxReceivedfor publication 9 August 1983 and in revisedform 24 October 1983. idative defense mechanism results in progressive oxidative damage to the M. pneumoniae-infected cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.

Almagor¹,

Kahane²,

Yatziv³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia, in children and adults of all ages (3,12). Laboratory diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection has relied mainly on serologic tests because the organism is hard to isolate (5,6,9,11,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Complement Fixation and Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Human Serum

Thacker

Talkington

2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia, in children and adults of all ages (3, 12). Laboratory diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection has relied mainly on serologic tests because the organism is hard to isolate (5,6,9,11,18). A reliable and sensitive serologic test for use in the early phase of infection by M. pneumoniae is needed to confirm the infection and to ensure that the appropriate antibiotic is used for treatment. The detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, which appears 7 to 10 days after infection and approximately 2 weeks before IgG antibody, has been shown to indicate a recent or current infection with M. pneumoniae (10,(14)(15)(16). However, the presence of IgM in adult serum does not always indicate a current infection, because in some cases IgM has been shown to persist for up to a year after infection. In addition, the IgM response is either minimal or undetectable in some cases of adult reinfection with M. pneumoniae (5,10,16,19). Therefore, reliance on the detection of specific IgM alone, especially in an adult population, could allow some infections to be missed. In a previous study (19), approximately 20% of adults did not mount an IgM response after infection with M. pneumoniae.We tested paired serum specimens, obtained from 64 adult patients with probable M. pneumoniae respiratory infections, with three commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs): the ImmunoCard (IC) mycoplasma EIA (Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio), the Remel EIA M. pneumoniae IgG-IgM antibody test system (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.), and the ImmunoWELL-IgM EIA (GenBio, San Diego, Calif.), now marketed through Alexon-Trend, Ramsey, Minn. The paired samples were also tested with a complement fixation (CF) assay, considered to be the serologic "gold standard," to determine if a more timely diagnosis of M. pneumoniae could be obtained in the early phase of infection. MATERIALS AND METHODSSera. Acute-and convalescent-phase sera were obtained from 64 patients during suspected outbreaks of respiratory infections caused by M. pneumoniae (4, 13). Most of the patients had chest X rays with infiltrates compatible with atypical pneumonia. Other features of the infections included cough, fever, and myalgias. Sera were held at Ϫ20°C before being tested by the Meridian IC, ImmunoWELL-IgM, Remel EIA, and CF tests. Twenty-one paired serum samples from an outbreak of respiratory illness due to parainfluenza virus were also tested with each of the assays. None of the serum samples were linked to individual patient identifiers.Meridian IC. The Meridian IC mycoplasma EIA is a qualitative procedure for the detection of IgM antibodies to M. pneumoniae in human serum. The test was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the test system consists of a plastic card with four openings that provide access to absorbent filter paper. The filter paper is impregnated with an M. pneumoniae antigen extract in the to...

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“…Mycoplasmas also modulate the activity of host cells via various direct mechanisms and/or indirectly by cytokine-mediated effects [2] [3]. Mycoplasmas colonize the epithelial respiratory and urogenital tracts like typical surface parasites [4] [5]. A key requirement for successful colonization by mycoplasmas is their adherence to the epithelial cells surface, considered as the major virulence factor of mycoplasmas [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of a Clinical Strain of <i>Mycoplasma fermentans</i> to Human Cultured Epithelial Cells

Rosales-Pérez¹,

Cerezo²,

Girón³

et al. 2014

AiM

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This study compares the kinetics of adherence of both the prototype strain PG-18 and the recently clinically isolated strain P-140 of Mycoplasma fermentans to HEp-2 cells. M. fermentans may induce respiratory and genitourinary tract infections. We investigated the presence of putative adhesins from strain P-140. A surface protein of 47 kDa, labeled SP47, isolated from M. fermentans P-140, seems to be involved in acterial adherence on HEp-2 cells; this study could allow helping understand the interaction between mycoplasmas and their hosts. Anti-SP47 antibodies inhibited the formation of bacterial clusters and adherence to cultured cells, quantified by ELISA. M. fermentans P-140 was more efficient at adhering to cultured HEp-2 cells than PG-18.

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Mycoplasmas as Agents of Human Disease

Cited by 303 publications

References 80 publications

Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.

Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.

Analysis of Complement Fixation and Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Human Serum

Adherence of a Clinical Strain of <i>Mycoplasma fermentans</i> to Human Cultured Epithelial Cells

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Mycoplasmas as Agents of Human Disease

Cited by 303 publications

References 80 publications

Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.

Role of superoxide anion in host cell injury induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A study in normal and trisomy 21 cells.

Analysis of Complement Fixation and Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Human Serum

Adherence of a Clinical Strain of &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma fermentans&lt;/i&gt; to Human Cultured Epithelial Cells

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Adherence of a Clinical Strain of <i>Mycoplasma fermentans</i> to Human Cultured Epithelial Cells