Mycorrhizal Inoculation to Increase Yield of Soybean Direct-Seeded Following Rice of Different Growing Techniques in Vertisol Soil, Lombok, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the impact of cultivation techniques and organic fertilization of rice, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation of zero-tillage soybean on yield of soybean direct-seeded following rice in two year sequences of rice-soybean cropping (2010 and 2011) in vertisol soil taken from Central Lombok, Indonesia. The pot experiments were conducted in a glasshouse, with two treatment factors for rice crops, i.e. rice cultivation techniques (T1= Conventional, T2= SRI (System of Rice Intensification) without AMF, and T3= SRI with AMF inoculation in nursery), and organic fertilization (O1= without organic (NPK only), O2= organic manure + NPK at full recommended doses in the first or half the doses in the second year, and O3= organic manure + NPK at half the recommended doses in the first or without NPK in the second year), and AMF inoculation of soybean plants (M0= without, and M1= with AMF inoculation). The results indicated that AMF inoculation of zero -tillage soybean direct-seeded following rice crops in vertisol soil more significantly increased grain yields of soybean grown following conventional rice (with an average increase of up to 35.6%), compared with following SRIrice (only 10.6 -18.8% increase), indicating a need for AMF inoculation of soybean plants in rotation with conventional rice in vertisol soil. Different cultivation techniques and organic fertilization of rice plants also significantly affected yield of the soybean direct-seeded immediately after harvest of the preceding rice, which indicates positive impacts of organic fertilization of rice on grain yield of soybean following rice.

Respon Beberapa Galur Padi Beras Hitam Teknik Budidaya Konvensional terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza pada Pesemaian

“…Selain tidak memungkinkan untuk menanam padi secara tumpangsari dengan tanaman kacang-kacangan pada sistem tergenang, salah satu kekurangan dari teknik budidaya padi sistem konvensional adalah terjadinya penurunan secara signifikan populasi FMA pasca padi sistem tergenang (Ilag et al, 1987;Wangiyana et al, 2016), sehingga aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza pada tanaman kedelai yang ditugal langsung pasca padi konvensional sangat signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai (Wangiyana et al, 2019a). Selain populasi FMA yang rendah pada lahan sawah sistem tergenang (Ilag et al, 1987), kemungkinan proses infeksi akar padi sistem tergenang oleh propagul FMA sangat sulit terjadi.…”

Improvement of growth and yield of several varieties of soybean following paddy rice using Rhizobium biofertilizer with reduced NPK doses

“…Based on the research results by Wangiyana and Farida [7], application of Rhizobium and mycorrhiza biofertilizers on soybean direct seeded after harvest of rainfed paddy rice produced much higher total grain yield than the same soybean varieties fertilized with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer. Different techniques of growing rice crop also reported to have significant effects on yield of soybean plants grown after the rice crop [8]. Directseeding soybean following harvest of aerobic red rice grown on raised-bed also resulted in significantly higher grain yield than direct-seeding it following harvest of normally flooded rice crop [9].…”

“…This is also the case in the rice growing areas in Masbagik (East Lombok) where the experiment in this study was done. One of the obstacles in an effort to obtain reasonably high grain yield of soybean grown in rotation with paddy rice is the low content of AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) propagules in the soil after the paddy rice [10,11]. In addition, rice plants normally acidify their rhizosphere when flooded, which resulted in lower pH of the soils after harvest of paddy rice [12].…”

“…In addition, rice plants normally acidify their rhizosphere when flooded, which resulted in lower pH of the soils after harvest of paddy rice [12]. These were thought to have a bad impact on the performance and yield of soybean plants grown after harvest of paddy rice [11]. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of application of Rhizobium biofertilizer accompanied with reduced NPK doses on growth and yield of several varieties of soybean grown following paddy rice in Masbagiq (East Lombok, Indonesia).…”