Mycorrhization of <i>Pinus halepensis</i> Mill. and <i>Pinus pinaster</i> 
Aiton seedlings in two commercial nurseries

González-Ochoa, Ana; Heras, Jorge de las; Torres, Pilar Díez de Revenga; Sánchez-Gómez, Elena

doi:10.1051/forest:2002072

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The germination percentages obtained (except for CAL, which exhibited very low values) were similar to those recorded in other studies carried out in the Mediterranean Basin [5,12,18,20]. Differences in germination percentages for seeds collected from serotinous and nonserotinous cones have also been noted in other studies [15,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This was due to the young age of these forests, since the higher number of trees with low individual cone production induce a large yield, although small numbers of trees with high individual cone production could produce similar yield. Similar situations have been identified in other studies [20,47]. In the case of open cones there was a positive correlation with site quality (climate), which favoured taller trees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Differences in cone production, growth and foliate nutrients [20,34] have been described for different fires and different locations. However, there is not sufficient knowledge concerning differences in cone production depending on site quality or tree density due to the difficulty in finding similar regeneration scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

et al. 2007

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-In Spain, many Pinus halepensis Mill. forests have been seriously affected by significant forest fires in the past decade, in 1994 alone, more than 100 000 ha were burned in Eastern Spain. In order to study the reproductive characteristics of P. halepensis after forest fires, six locations were selected in four areas affected by serious fires in the summer of 1994, and the following different precipitation zones were studied: dry-subhumid, dry and semi-arid. Ten years after the fires, data relevant to the production of pine cones: serotinous (grey), mature (brown), immature (green) and opened cones, was collected from areas with natural post-fire regeneration. Various cone and seed characteristics, such as pine cone seed number and weight, and germination percentage, were measured. The results showed greater production of cones and strobili in high-density sites. The biggest cone sizes (volume) and seed number per cone were related to site quality (dry-subhumid precipitation zone). Also, viability and germination percentages were higher with better site quality, with significant differences in values for serotinous and non-serotinous cones. Despite these differences, the canopy seed bank was large enough to ensure regeneration in this area for this age stand.Pinus halepensis / serotiny / canopy seed bank / natural regeneration Résumé -Influence de la densité du peuplement et de la fertilité de la station sur la dynamique de reproduction de Pinus halepensis Mill., dix ans après d'importants incendies. En Espagne, dans les dix dernières années, de nombreuses forêts de Pin d'Alep ont été gravement touchées par d'importants feux de forêt. Rien qu'en 1994, plus de 100 000 ha ont brûlé dans l'est de l'Espagne. Dans le cadre d'une étude de la dynamique de la reproduction du Pin d'Alep après incendie, six sites, situés dans des zones de feux de forêt survenus lors de l'été 1994, ont été observés. Ces sites présentent des niveaux de précipitations différents : sec à sub-humide, sec et semi-aride. Dix ans après incendie, des données concernant la production de cônes de pin : sérotineux (gris), mûrs (marrons), immatures (vert) et cônes ouverts, ont été collectées dans des zones de régénération naturelle. Diverses caractéristiques des cônes et des graines ont été relevées : nombre et poids des cônes et des graines, taux de germination. Les résultats révèlent une production importante de cônes et de strobiles dans les sites à forte densité de pin. Le volume des cônes et le nombre de graines par cône étaient liés à la fertilité de la station (zone sèche à sub-humide). Les taux de viabilité et de germination étaient aussi plus importants dans les zones présentant le plus de précipitations et des écarts significatifs ont été observés entre les valeurs de cônes sérotineux et non sérotineux. Malgré ces différences, les banques de graines dans les peuplements étaient suffisamment importantes pour assurer la régénération du pin dans cette zone.Pinus halepensis / sérotine / banque de graines de la canopée / régénération na...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

et al. 2007

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“…The minimal level of ECM necessary to ensure seedling performance in the field has been poorly studied, and probably depends on environmental characteristics of the site of transplantation and on the fungus-tree combination used [4,34]. The spore inoculum of P. tinctorius has been successfully used in previous experiments to produce containerised Pinus species, including P. pinea [15,28,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and the type of substrate on mycorrhization, growth and nutrition of containerised Pinus pinea L. seedlings produced in a commercial nursery

Rincón

Parladé²,

Pera³

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Spore inocula of Melanogaster ambiguus (Vittad.) Tul. & C. Tul., Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Rhizopogon luteolus Fr., Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th. M. Fr. and Scleroderma verrucosum (Bull.) Pers., and two substrates (a mixture of peat-vermiculite and a mixture of peat-composted pine bark) were evaluated for producing mycorrhizal Pinus pinea L. seedlings in a commercial nursery in NE Spain. Inocula of all fungi were effective to obtain containerised mycorrhizal P. pinea seedlings although seedling mycorrhization rates were reduced in the peat/pine-bark mixture. Neither inoculation nor the type of substrate modified the first-year growth of seedlings. Rhizopogon spp. increased the levels of N and P and, in general inoculation reduced the concentration of Mn in needles. Symptoms of chlorosis were detected in all seedlings growing in the peat/pine-bark mixture, probably due to nutritional deficiencies caused by the substrate high pH. Among the fungi tested, R. roseolus is proposed as the best candidate for its application in nursery inoculation programmes destined to produced containerised mycorrhizal P. pinea. , et deux substrats (un mélange de tourbe-vermiculite et un mélange de tourbe-écorce compostée de pin) ont été évalués pour produire des jeunes plants mycorhizés de Pinus pinea L. dans une pépinière commerciale au Nord-Est de l'Espagne. Les inoculums de tous les champignons ont été efficaces pour obtenir des semis mycorhizés de pin pignon en conteneur, bien que les taux de mycorhization ont diminué dans le substrat vermiculite-écorce de pin. Ni l'inoculation ni le type de substrat n'ont modifié la croissance en première année des jeunes plants. Les espèces de Rhizopogon ont augmenté les niveaux d'azote et de phosphore dans les aiguilles des plants et, en général, l'inoculation a réduit la teneur en manganèse de ces feuilles. Des symptômes de chlorose ont été détectés dans tous les plants croissant dans le substrat vermiculiteécorce de pin, probablement en raison des carences nutritionnelles provoquées par le pH élevé du substrat. Parmi les champignons étudiés, on propose R. roseolus comme le meilleur candidat pour son application dans des programmes d'inoculation en pépinière destinés à produire des plants de pin pignon mycorhizés en conteneur.Pinus pinea / substrat / mycorhization / champignons ectomycorhiziens / production des semis en pépinière

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“…Numerous studies have reported a positive effect of P fertilization on maritime pine growth in this context [21,54,56]. Indeed, in field conditions, plant nutrient uptake is affected by biotic, e.g., mycorrhization [22] or abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability [18] or soil structure [41], which makes it difficult to study the specific effects of nutrient uptake on growth. In sake of simplicity and for enabling us to monitor the plant uptake rate of phosphorus, our experiment was therefore operated under hydroponic conditions where the nutrient addition rate is controlled accurately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of phosphorus and light availability on early growth of maritime pine seedlings

Cheaib¹,

Mollier²,

Thunot³

et al. 2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-We examined the response of early growth of maritime pine seedlings to combined levels of light and phosphorus. Seedlings were grown under three levels of phosphorous availability, i.e., two relative addition rates (RAR = 2 and 4 g P (100 g -1 )P d -1 ) and a free-access to P, crossed with two light levels (photosynthetic photon flux densities of 150 and 450 µmol m -2 s -1 , respectively). Relative growth rate (RGR) and relative uptake rate of phosphorus (RUR) were computed, as well as the amount of light absorbed per seedling. We found that phosphorus and light acted as limiting factors with a complex interaction. Under low light and at the lowest P level, P and light were co-limiting, i.e., growth was enhanced only when P and light were increased together. Light was the limiting factor for growth under low light conditions at all other levels of P availability. P was the limiting factor at a RAR of 2% under high light. Enhancing P from 4% to free access did not significantly improve growth under high light. RUR was controlled systematically by P availability at 2 and 4% RAR. RGR values were close to RUR values except under free access to P. Therefore, growth-independent accumulation of P was observed under high P conditions. The differences in biomass production among P treatments were explained primarily by the reduced amount of radiation intercepted by the seedlings as a consequence of their reduced leaf area. No effect of P treatments were observed on the calculated radiation-use efficiency (RUE), which was found to be larger under low light. This confirms that pine seedlings adjust to moderate phosphorus deficiency mainly by changing their morphology (leaf area, dry-mass partitioning) while biochemical and photochemical limitations of photosynthesis play only a very secondary role.phosphorus nutrition / shade / growth / Pinus pinaster Aït.Résumé -Interaction des effets de la disponibilité en phosphore et en lumière sur la croissance de jeunes plants de pin maritime. La croissance de jeunes plants de pin maritime a été suivie en chambre de culture à deux niveaux d'éclairement et trois de disponibilité en phosphore. Deux taux d'addition relatifs en P (RAR = 2 et 4 g P (100 g -1 P j -1 ) et un libre accès au P ont été appliqués en combinaison avec deux niveaux d'éclairement (150 et 450 µmol m -2 s -1 ). Le taux de croissance relatif (RGR) et le taux d'absorption relatif de P (RUR) ont été calculés. La surface foliaire, la quantité de rayonnement absorbé et l'efficience d'utilisation du rayonnement (RUE) ont aussi été estimés. Les disponibilités en phosphore et en lumière ont limité la croissance suivant un schéma d'interaction complexe. Au plus faible niveau d'éclairement et d'ajout en phosphore, les deux facteurs étaient co-limitants et la croissance n'était augmentée que lorsque les deux facteurs augmentaient simultanément. La lumière était le facteur limitant pour les traitements sous faible éclairement à tous les autres niveaux de disponibilité en P. Le phosphore était limitant pour des RAR de 2...

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Mycorrhization of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton seedlings in two commercial nurseries

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

Effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and the type of substrate on mycorrhization, growth and nutrition of containerised Pinus pinea L. seedlings produced in a commercial nursery

Interactive effects of phosphorus and light availability on early growth of maritime pine seedlings

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