Myelination of regenerated axons in goldfish optic nerve by Schwann cells

Nona, Sam; Duncan, A.; Stafford, Carole A.; Maggs, Alison M.; Jeserich, G.; Cronly-Dillon, J

doi:10.1007/bf01191504

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is most likely that these cells represent peripheral macrophages, which were recruited to the site of the crush (Blaugrun et al, 1992;Lawson et al, 1994;Zeng et al, 1994;Podhajsky et al, 1997) and were responsible for the rapid, effective clearance of the lesion by 2 weeks postoperative (see also Levine, 1991;Nona et al, 1992). Interestingly, the segment of the nerve that was closest to the lesion, the distal segment, was also cleared relatively rapidly compared to the more distant cranial segment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Myelin debris clearance during Wallerian degeneration in the goldfish visual system

Colavincenzo

Levine

2000

Journal of Neuroscience Research

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We have examined the clearance of myelin debris from the visual pathways of the goldfish during Wallerian degeneration. Both the rate and pattern of myelin disappearance from the optic nerve and tract were determined using immunohistochemistry on frozen sections, as well as plastic sections and electron microscopy. Animals with and without regenerating optic axons were examined in order to determine whether the axons play a role in myelin clearance. We found that myelin is cleared at different rates along the visual paths. Thus, virtually all myelin debris is gone in the optic tract and distal optic nerve stump by 4 weeks after surgery, while in the cranial nerve segment, myelin clearance is still incomplete at 6 weeks postoperative. These temporal and spatial patterns of myelin clearance are the same in animals with and without regenerating axons, thus indicating that growing axons do not influence this process. Finally, ultrastructural observations revealed that both astrocytes and microglia participate in phagocytosing myelin debris in the optic nerve, while in the tract, the vast majority of debris is removed by microglia alone. These data are discussed with regard to possible mechanisms controlling the differential expression of myelin clearance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Myelin debris clearance during Wallerian degeneration in the goldfish visual system

Colavincenzo

Levine

2000

Journal of Neuroscience Research

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“…Because none of the antibodies against laminin that we tested binds to goldfish nervous system, we were unsuccessful in resolving this issue. Nona et al (1992) reported that Schwann cells invade the optic nerve when the nerve is crushed and may, due to their favorable substrate properties, assist the regrowth of axons. In collaboration with Samual Nona, we were able to exclude the possibility that Schwann cells invade and populate the optic nerve when the nerve is cut instead of crushed (Bastmeyer and Nona, unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth cones of regenerating retinal axons contact a variety of cellular profiles in the transected goldfish optic nerve

Strobel

Stuermer

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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Following optic nerve transection in goldfish, retinal axons regenerate. To determine what the growth cones use as a substrate for their growth, regenerating growth cones were labeled by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) application to the retina 5-6 days after intraorbital optic nerve section (ONS) and identified at 10-11 days after ONS in the brain sided (distal) portion of the optic nerve in thick and serial ultrathin sections. Leading growth cones (n = 5) were found in intimate contact with a variety of elements: with myelin fragments alone, with myelin fragments and glial cells, and with the basal lamina of the glia limitans and the surface of a fibroblast outside the boundary of previous fascicles.In ultrathin sections of conventionally treated regenerating optic nerves, (unlabeled) axon profiles-in addition to myelin fragments-were seen to be in contact with an astrocyte and an oligodendrocyte, suggesting that the growth cones of these axons may have been associated with those cells. The data suggest that leading growth cones of regenerating axons may be capable of growing along myelin fragments and on a wide variety of cellular surfaces in the goldfish optic nerve.

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“…We describe their organization by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and electron microscopic analyses and we look for some differences with the glial cells located in the ONH of mammals. We used anti-S100 and anti-GFAP antibodies, previously used in the visual system of teleosts, to identify glial cells (Dahl et al 1985;Maggs and Scholes 1986;Levine 1989;Nona et al 1989Nona et al ,1992Vecino et al 1997;Velasco et al 1997;Jimeno et al 1999). We employed anti-PCNA (Bravo et al 1987) to analyze the proliferative potential of a population of possible glial cell precursors that we detected in the intraocular portion of the ONH.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Glial Design of a Teleost Optic Nerve Head Supporting Continuous Growth

Lillo¹,

Velasco²,

Jimeno³

et al. 2002

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YThis study demonstrates the peculiarities of the glial organization of the optic nerve head (ONH) of a fish, the tench ( Tinca tinca ), by using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. We employed antibodies specific for the macroglial cells: glutamine synthetase (GS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100. We also used the N518 antibody to label the new ganglion cells' axons, which are continuously added to the fish retina, and the anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody to specifically locate dividing cells. We demonstrate a specific regional adaptation of the GS-S100-positive Müller cells' vitreal processes around the optic disc, strongly labeled with the anti-GFAP antibody. In direct contact with these Müller cells' vitreal processes, there are S100-positive astrocytes and S100-negative cells ultrastructurally identified as microglial cells. Moreover, a population of PCNA-positive cells, characterized as glioblasts, forms the limit between the retina and the optic nerve in a region homologous to the Kuhnt intermediary tissue of mammals. Finally, in the intraocular portion of the optic nerve there are differentiating oligodendrocytes arranged in rows. Both the glioblasts and the rows of developing cells could serve as a pool of glial elements for the continuous growth of the visual system.

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Myelination of regenerated axons in goldfish optic nerve by Schwann cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 47 publications

Myelin debris clearance during Wallerian degeneration in the goldfish visual system

Myelin debris clearance during Wallerian degeneration in the goldfish visual system

Growth cones of regenerating retinal axons contact a variety of cellular profiles in the transected goldfish optic nerve

The Glial Design of a Teleost Optic Nerve Head Supporting Continuous Growth

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